AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The presented study had to objectives: To study the change in optic nerve diameter in patients with acute rise in intracranial pressure and to compare it with control population. To correlate optic nerve sheath diameter with outcome of disease in patients with hepatic encephalopathy. INTRODUCTION: THE INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE Raised intracranial pressure (ICP) plays major role in increasing mortality in various clinical conditions, such as trauma, hemorrhage, hydrocephalus, and hepatic failure and therefore, forms a major consideration in management of these patients. However,...

The Equipment: All examinations were carried out using a multi-frequency linear array probe (6 - 10 MHz, Shimadzu Co. Ltd.). The Technique of Examination: The patients were positioned supine with neck extended. Examination was done through closed eyelids. The 10 MHz linear array probe was applied over the eyelid, after applying sufficient quantity of ultrasound gel. This helped in achieving better contact between the probe and the eyelid. The conscious patients were directed to keep their eyes in neutral (mid) position and to suppress eye...

OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS: STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF DATA Statistical analysis was performed separately in each group. Each group was compared with control group. The precision of instrument -: The square of mean deviation (DEVSQ) was used as measure of precision of instrument. The mean error in measurement of ONSD was found to be 0.18 and 0.15 mm for left and right optic nerve respectively (i.e. the mean error in measurement of ONSD was 0.17mm). Thus using a 10 MHz probe and taking 4 reading per optic...

CONCLUSIONS: Based on the observations made in the present study we draw following conclusions:– The optic nerve diameter can be reliably measured by ultrasound. Ultrasound is not only reliable but also carries high degree of reproducibility with insignificant inter observer variability (p-value, 0.95). Using a 10 MHz transducer and four readings per optic nerve the margin of error in optic nerve diameter measurement is only+0.17 mm. The male-female difference and right-left difference in OND is insignificant (p-value, 0.75 and 0.66 respectively). Accurate measurement of OND...

Dr.Gaurav Som Prakash Gupta Dr.Gaurav is currently working as specialist radiologist in NMC , Specilaity Hospital, Abu Dhabi , UAE. He can be contacted at following e mail addres: [email protected]. We will love to hear from our readers. Dr.Ragini Singh Dr.Ragini Singh is a respected professor and HOD in Dpartment of radiodiagnosis, KGMC, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. She is compasionate radiologist with vision and kind heart. Dr.Ashok Chandra Dr.Ashok Chandra is Professor of internal medicine in department of Radiodiagnosis, KGMC, Lucknow,Uttar Pradesh. He is great guide...

S.K Acharya, S Dasarathy, Tall L. Kumar, S. Suhma, K.S. Uma Prasanna, A. Tondon, V. Sreeniva, S. Nijahavan,. K. Panda, S. K. NAnda, M. Irshad, Y. K. Johi, Duttagupta, R. K. Tondon, and B.N Tondon. Fulminant hepatitis in a tropical population: clinical course, cause, and early predictors of outcome. Hepatology, 1996; 23(6): 1448-1455 R.K. Dhiman, A.K. Seth, S. Jain, Y.K. Chawla and J.B. Dilawari. Prognostic evaluation of early indicators in fulminant hepatic failure by multivariate analysis. Digestive Disease and Science, 1998(June); 43(6): 1311-1316. Martin Burdelski,...