Learning objectives
Guidelines and recommendations for the workup of female patients presenting with breast complaints to symptomatic clinics or for the assessment and characterization of screen-detected findings [1,2] are,
in their main part,
well-adopted,
tested and tried.
These revolve around triple assessment which consists of clinical examination,
imaging correlation and tissue sampling.
The principal aim for this practice is to rule out malignancy.
The purpose of this poster presentation is to illustrate the salient clinical,
radiological and pathological findings on workup of male breast symptomatology as compiled...
Background
The male patient presenting with a breast-related complaint is statistically much more likely to be benign in aetiology as fewer than 1% of all patients with breast cancer are men [3]. A noticeable trend is,
however,
that more male patients are being referred for the work up of breast complaints with some breast units reporting an increase of referrals by up to 500% over the last decade or so [4].
Also,
incidental findings on cross-sectional imaging – CT,
MRI and PET-CT scanning constitute an alternative...
Findings and procedure details
Imaging workup of the Male Breast
Radiologically,
3 patterns of gynaecomastia are described,
namely the nodular pattern (Figure 2),
the dendritic (Figure 3,
Figure 4) and the diffuse glandular (Figure 5,
Figure 6) patterns.
Other benign breast lesions may be demonstrated in the male breast such as cutaneous conditions,
fat necrosis,
cysts (Figure 7),
abscesses and intramammary lymph nodes may also occur in the male breast.
The workup and imaging modality of choice for assessment of the male breast varies – with some centres opting...
Conclusion
Importance of history taking,
clinical examination and standardised categorization of clinical findings: P1: Normal,
P2: Benign; P3: Equivocal; P4: Suspicious; P5: Benign.
P1 and P2 findings in young individuals (< 40 years) - imaging may not be necessary.
Correlation of imaging and clinical findings – is further investigation required?
Gynaecomastia in its multiple forms: nodular,
dendritic,
diffuse.
Risk factors for gynaecomastia are multiple. Gynaecomastia is NOT a precursor of breast carcinoma.
Male breast cancer is rare – but significance of the occurrence of breast cancer...
Personal information
J Muscat,
Specialist Trainee
Medical Imaging Department,
Mater Dei Hospital,
Malta
Clinical Fellow in Breast and Paediatric Imaging at BSUH NHS,
UK
[email protected]
V Attard,
Specialist Trainee
Department of Pathology,
Histopathology Section
Mater Dei Hospital,
Malta
References
Willett AM,
Michell MJ,
Lee MJR (eds). Best practice diagnostic guidelines for patients presenting with breast symptoms. London: Department of Health,
2010.
Wilson R,
Liston J.
Quality assurance guidelines for breast screening radiology. Second Edn.
NHSBSP publication no 59: Sheffield NHS Cancer Screening Programmes,
2011.
Taylor K,
Ames V,
Wallis M.
The diagnostic value of clinical examination and imaging used as part of an age‑related protocol when diagnosing male breast disease: An audit of 1141 cases from a single centre.
The Breast 2013; 22: 268‑272....