At the end of this presentation the viewer will be able to recognize imaging finding of encrusted pyelitis and cystitisin different imaging tecniques, describe radiological findings and discusse the differential diagnosis with other similar entities.

Alkaline-encrusted pyelitis/cystitis is a urinary tract infection caused by an urea-splitting bacteria, most often Corynebacterium urealyticum group D2 (CD2).Corynebacterium urealyticum is a gram-positive commensal microorganism of the skin, multi-resistant against antibiotics. This bacterium is a ureasa-producing microorganism transforming urea into ammonia. The ureasa increase urinary pH, which becomes alkaline (above 7,5). Breakdown of urea and the modification of pH in urine by bacterial urease leads to the formation of struvite and carbapatite. These substances are responsible for wall encrustation on pathologic mucosa or stone formation...

Alkaline-encrusted pyelitis and cystitis is a nosocomial urinary tract infection caused byCorynebacterium urealyticum. We have selected themost representative cases in our hospital in order todefine the typical features of the disease. Clinical context Clinical manifestations are non-specific and can be minimal for a prolonged period. Patients present with flank pain, dysuria, suprapubic pain, acute obstruction, pyuria, macroscopic hematuria with elimination of stones,... Fever is not constant. It may also develop loss of renal function. Encrusted pyelitis has been reported particularly in renal transplant patients but...

Encrusted pyelitis and cystitis are rare entities thatcan be diagnosed easily. Medical history, clinical context, urine analysis and radiological findings are used in the diagnosis.Clinical manifestations of alkaline-encrusted pyelitis and cystitis are non-specific and can be minimal for a prolonged period. As standard urine culture often remains negative. Imaging is a major part of the diagnosis. When the infection is clinically suspected, direct visualization on imaging of encrusted plaques should confirm the diagnosis.CT is the most sensitive technique to diagnose encrustation. When the infection is...

Morales JM, Aguado JM, Diaz-Gonzalez R, et al.Alkaline-encrusted pyelitis/cystitis and urinary tract infection due toCorynebacterium urealyticum: a new severe complication after renal transplantation.Transplant Proc1992;24:81–2 Meria P, Desgrippes A, Arfi C, et al.Encrusted cystitis and pyelitis.J Urol1998;160:3–9. Vázquez V, Reus M, Parrilla A, Llorente S. La pielitis incrustante: hallazgos en ecografía y TC. Thoumas D, Darmallaicq C, Pfister C, Savoye-Collet C, Sibert L, Grise P, Lemaitre L, Benozio M. Imaging characteristics of Alkaline-encrusted cystitis and pyelitis. Pictorial essay AJR 178 Feb-2002. Pollack HM, Banner MP, Martinez...