The University of South-Eastern Norway do provide a Master degree in clinical health care that involves the study option “Radiation in diagnostics and therapy” for bachelor level radiographers who wants continuing education formalized in an academic setting. Three 15 ECTS master level courses are provided as online distance-learning courses to attract students internationally. The course “Justification and skill mix in radiology" aims to prepare the radiographers for systematic assessment of referral quality, and have 17 defined learning outcomes (Table 1). A core element in the...

Trends in radiology and possible overuse The usefulness and benefits of radiology increases along with the continuous technological development, which in turn increases the demand for advanced radiological services, particularly in countries with economic wealth (4, 5). In Europe, the utilization of high technology examination (CT and MRI) is comprehensive and steadily increasing (6). The increased demands for services combined with a lack of radiologists, are reasons why the radiology department can become a bottleneck in health care (7). The expected aging population, with high...

IT tools – Course structure – Pedagogical approach All teaching material is provided on the Canvas platform (Instructure, Salt Lake City, US). The curriculum is presented in three Modules that contains a set of Pages, each focusing on a central topic related to justification. Each topic is introduced by a digital text, a lecture or video, and guidance to relevant literature, followed by Quizzes and tasks to promote knowledge and reflection. Videos are either downloaded from the internet, or produced by USN using the tool...

The pilot included three students only, situated in three different municipalities/towns in Norway, and all correspondence and guidance were performed online. The cloud platform Zoom (https://zoom.us) functioned overall well both from students and teachers perspective, so did the Canvas platform (Instructure, Salt Lake City, US). We recommend on-line delivery, so all students have the same learning environment. It remains to see how everything works out with students from more countries in future. The training package of radiology referrals piloted in Norway 2018 will be provided...

H.M. Olerud, Professor, Dr.ing. University of South-Eastern Norway, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences P.O. Box 235, No-3603 Kongsberg, Norway. Phone: + 47922 65019 e-mail: [email protected]

American College of Radiology, ACR (2016) ACR Appropriateness criteria https://www.acr.org/Quality-Safety/Appropriateness-Criteria Government of Western Australia (2018) Diagnostic Imaging Pathways http://www.imagingpathways.health.wa.gov.au/index.php/subscribe ESR iGuide - Clinical Decision Support using European Imaging Referral Guidelines (2018). https://www.myesr.org/esriguide Bhargavan M, Sunshine JH. Utilization of radiology services in the United States: levels and trends in modalities, regions, and populations. Radiology. 2005;234(3):824-32 Chrysanthopoulou A, Kalogeropoulos A, Terzis G, Georgiopoulou V, Kyriopoulos J, Siablis D, et al. Trends and future needs in clinical radiology: insights from an academic medical center. Health Policy. 2007;80(1):194-201. European...