Learning objectives
To review the imaging findings of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in children: Musculoskeletal,central nervous system,
lymph node and abdominal tuberculosis.
Background
The incidence of tuberculosis (TB) has increased worldwide in recent years,
and children have a high risk of infection.
Although pulmonary TB is the most common form of TB infection,
any organ system can be affected.
In the pediatric population,
the lymphatic system is the most common site of involvement of extra-thoracic TB,
followed by the urogenital and the musculoskeletal systems.
The remaining locations of infections are extremely rare.
Clinical diagnosis of extrapulmonary TB in children is difficult.
Recognition of radiological manifestation of this condition...
Findings and procedure details
Diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis is often difficult.
However,
recognition and understanding of the radiologic findings of extrapulmonary tuberculosis can help in diagnosis.
A high level of suspicion is required,
especially in high-risk populations.
A positive culture or histologic analysis of biopsy specimens is still required in many cases for definitive diagnosis.
We review the radiologic manifestations of extrapulmonary tuberculosis: findings in thecentral nervous system,musculoskeletal,
abdominal,
lymph nodes and breast tuberculosis are discussed.
Epidemiology
Increased international travel and immigration have seen PTB rates increase even in...
Conclusion
Tuberculosis can affect any organ in the body.
It has a variety of radiologic appearances and can mimic numerous other disease entities.
Recognizing the various radiologic manifestations of tuberculosis allow early diagnosis and timely initiation of appropriate therapy,
thereby reducing patients morbidity and mortality.
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