Learning objectives
- To make an outline of the different cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) disorders and their associated radiological semiology.
- Recognize the signs of hydrocephalus,
intracranial hypotension syndrome (IHS) and pseudotumor cerebri syndrome (PTCS).
Background
The dynamics of the CSF have a great importance,
among other reasons,
due to the impact it has on intracranial pressure.
This dynamic depends mainly on the formation,
circulation and reabsorption of the CSF.
The alterations produced in any of the elements of the circuit that the LCR performs will cause defined entities that can mostly be identified by means of image tests.
The main entities are hydrocephalus,
CSF hypotension syndrome and cerebral pseudotumour:
Hydrocephalus results from the imbalance between the formation (always constant) and...
Findings and procedure details
IMAGING FINDINGS IN MAJOR CIRCULATION DISORDERS OF CSF
INTRACRANIAL HYPOTENSION SYNDROME
Although CT may give some clues,
the technique of choice for IHS image diagnosis is MRI.
However,
the findings alone are not sufficient for diagnosis; they must be accompanied by a concordant clinical context.
Many of the radiological signs observed are due to the fact that the decrease in the volume of the CSF (in the presence of closed sutures) generates compensatory mechanisms such as the dilation of venous and arterial structures with the...
Conclusion
Imaging studies are important in the suspicion and identification CSF system disorders because they present definite radiological signs that can help to make the differential diagnosis.
For this reason,
the radiologist must be able to handle the radiological semiology that corresponds to each entity with ease,
and thus be able to offer an early diagnosis that allows an opportune and opportune treatment.
References
Mollan SP,
Davies B,
Silver NC,
et al.
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension: consensus guidelines on management.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2018.
Friedman DI,
Liu GT,
Digre KB.
Revised diagnostic criteria for the pseudotumor cerebri syndrome in adults and children.
Neurology 2013;81:1159–65.
Incidencia:
Friedman DI,
Liu GT,
Digre KB.
Revised diagnostic criteria for the pseudotumor cerebri syndrome in adults and children.
Neurology 2013;81:1159–65.
Kilgore KP,
Lee MS,
Leavitt JA,
et al.
Re-evaluating the incidence of idiopathic intracranial hypertension in an era of increasing obesity.
Ophthalmology 2017;124:697–700.