Learning objectives
To understand the utility of urethrography,
indications and contraindications.
To review the study protocol.
To describe normal anatomy and normal imaging appearances of male and female urethra.
To illustrate appearances of various frequent and unfrequent entities.
CT and US correlates will also be shown for comparison.
Background
Although ultrasonography,
CT and MR are increasingly being used including voiding protocols,
retrograde urethrography and voiding cystourethrography are the modalities of choice for imaging the urethra.
It is a readily available and cost-effective examination.
In males the posterior urethra is best imaged with voiding cystourethrography and the anterior urethra by retrograde urethrography.
We present:
Schemes of normal anatomy of the male and female urethra.
Urethrography indications and contraindications.
Study protocols of voiding and retrograde urethrography.
Contrast preparation,
patient positioning,
image requirements.
Imaging findings in normal...
Findings and procedure details
1.- Urethra Anatomy
1.1Male Urethra Anatomy
The male urethra is a narrow fibromuscular tube that conducts urine and semen from thebladderand ejaculatory ducts,
respectively,
to the exterior of the body.
It commences at the internal urethral orifice in the trigone of the bladder and opens in the navicular fossa of the glans penis at the external urethral meatus (Fig. 1).
The male urethra can be divided into anterior and posterior portions.
The anterior urethra is composed of the penile and bulbar urethra to the level...
Conclusion
Although ultrasonography,
CT and MR are increasingly being used including voiding protocols,
retrograde urethrocystography and voiding cystourethrography are the modalities of choice for imaging the urethra.
Retrograde urethrography is the most appropriate way to evaluate the anterior urethra
Voiding urethrography is the most widely used imaging method in the evaluation of the female urethra and male posterior urethra.
It is very important to flush the Foley catheter with contrast so as not to introduce air bubbles,
which produce filling defects in the urethra.
In patients...
Personal information
J.
Azpeitia Arman1(
[email protected])
R.
M.
Lorente Ramos1
JM López-Arcas Calleja1
M.
Grande Barez1
A.
Blázquez Saez1
P Torres Rubio1
Unidad Central de Radiodiagnóstico de la CAM: Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor (Vallecas) 1
Madrid SPAIN
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