Learning objectives
Todescribe MRI findingsthat might be cause of epilepsy.
To identifyfindingsinMRIstudy usually performed in diagnosis of epilepsy.
To exclude all other causes of epilepsy to establish an optimal therapeutic or surgical approach.
Background
Encephaloceles are characterised bydefects of the bony skull throughwhich herniation of the intracranialcontents can occur.
Encephalocelesare classified according to their locationand contents.
Those containing onlycerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and meningesare termed craniomeningoceles; if thelesion also contains neural tissue then itis termed a meningoencephalocele.Encephaloceles of the skull base account for 25% of all encephaloceles and can be categorizedaccording to their anatomical location: fronto-ethmoidal,
spheno-orbital,
spheno-maxillary,nasopharyngeal,
and aural.
An encephalocele can also be acquired as a result of inflammatoryor neoplastic processes or as a consequence of trauma or...
Findings and procedure details
All examinations were performed on a Siemens Magnetom Skyra 3T MRI using 3D sequences.
All of the patients were sedated for long-term immobility.
3DProtocol:
T1Sagittal 3D resolution 0,8 x 0,8 x 0,8 mm
T2 Axial 3D resolution 0,6 x 0,6 x 0,6 mm
T2 FLAIR Coronal resolution 1,0 x 1,0 x 1,0 mm
DIR 1,2 x 1,2 x 1,2 mm
For every sequence axial,
coronal,
sagittal plane reconstructions were made.
Additionally,
hippocampal plane and curvilinear reconstructions were made.
Typical MR features for encephalocele: the presence...
Conclusion
High-resolution MRI is an effective tool for the evaluating causes of epilepsy,
including encephalocele.Readingof MR imaging,
using multiplanar reconstruction of high-resolution 3D (T2 and T2 FLAIR) sequences in patients
with epilepsy by a neuroradiologist can increasethe detection of subtle encephalocele,
which can be the cause of epilepsy.The typical MRI changes should be used for differential diagnosis.
Personal information
Contact information:
Dr.
Oleg Bronov
Head of the radiology department
Pirogov's National Medical-Surgical Center
Moscow,
Russia
[email protected]
Alexey Marinets
Resident
Pirogov's National Medical-Surgical Center
Moscow,
Russia
[email protected]
Moscow,
Nizhnyaya Pervomaiskaya 70
References
1.
Howard J.
Faulkner ,
David R.
Sandeman,
Seth Love ,
Marcus J.
Likeman ,
Desnomd A.
Nunez ,
Samden D.
Lhatoo : Epilepsy surgery for refractory epilepsy due to encephalocele: a case report and review of the literature // Epileptic Disord Vol.
12,
No.
2,
June 2010
Horst Urbach,
Jörg Wellmer,
Horst Urbach.
MRI in Epilepsy // Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013 p.
135-138
Dr.B.V.N Muralidhar Reddy1,
Dr K.V.V.Ramji : Meningoencephalocele of the Temporal Bone-A Case Report // IOSR-JDMS Volume 15,
Issue 11 Ver.
III...