Learning objectives
Targeted review of vascular anatomy.
Review diagnosis of peripheral artery disease.
Review risk factors,
clinical presentation and classification of peripheral artery disease.
Discuss treatment options available including medical management,
as well as surgical revascularization and endovascular procedures.
Discuss techniques employed in endovascular revascularization.
Provide an overview of the devices available for endovascular revascularization.
Background
Over 6.5 million Americans over the age of 40 years are estimated to have peripheral artery disease (PAD) –the leading cause of chronic limb ischemia.
“Patients with newly diagnosed PAD are six times more likely to die within the next 10 years when compared to patients without PAD” (9).
Current treatment modalities aim to improve quality of life,
reduce lower limb amputation rates and cardiovascular mortality.
Interventional Radiology plays a significant role in both diagnosis and patient management.
Low morbidity and mortality,
as well as...
Findings and procedure details
I.
Review of Vascular Anatomy
II.
Epidemiology and Risk Factors
III.
Clinical Presentation
Though the majority of patients are asymptomatic,
the classic presentation of PAD is intermittent claudication.
Patients complain of lower limb muscle pain,
cramping or weakness induced by walking a consistent distance,
that is relieved after 10 to 15 minutes of rest.
Symptoms arise in the muscle groups located one joint level below the region of arterial occlusion.
Calf claudication is most common,
given that the superficial femoral artery is the most frequently...
Conclusion
CONCLUSION
Peripheral artery disease is defined as the acute or chronic occlusion of arteries that supply the upper or lower extremities potentially resulting in reduced limb perfusion or tissue loss.
It is the leading cause of chronic limb ischemia among Americans.
Interventional Radiology plays a significant role in both diagnosis and patient management.
Current treatment modalities aim to improve quality of life,
reduce lower limb amputation rates and cardiovascular mortality.
Knowledge of diagnostic methods,
as well as endovascular devices and procedures is key in order...
References
Baxter GM,
and Polak JF: Lower limb colour flow imaging: a comparison with ankle-brachial measurements and angiography.
Clin Radiol 1993; 47: pp.
91-95
Bonaca,
M.
P.,
& Creager,
M.
A.
(2019).
Peripheral artery diseases.
In Brunwauld's heart disease: a textbook of cardiovascular medicine (11th ed.,
pp.
1328-1344).
Philadelphia,
PA: Elsevier.
Conte,
M.
S.
(2019).
Lower extremity arterial occlusive disease: epidemiology and natural history.
In Rutherford's vascular surgery and endovascular therapy (9th ed.,
p.
1376).
Philadelphia,
PA: Elsevier.
Cheng,
C.
C.,
Cheema,
F.,
Frankhauser,
G.,
&...