To recall the normal anatomy of the corpus callosum and associated structures. To sum up and review the main features of themore frequentcorpus callosumanomalies, as well as major genetic syndromes associated with them.

The corpus callosum is the largest and most important commissure of the central nervous system. It is the main communication between cerebral hemispheres. Its development begins with 12 weeks of gestation and ends around 20 weeks. Insults occurring before or during this period may lead to errors in its development, which may range from smallstructuralchangesto total malformation. This study provides a review towards the corpus callosum development and its main congenital disorders.

●Anatomical considerations Corpus callosum is the largest commissure of the human brain and is a recent phylogenetic acquisition of placental mammals. It is about 10 cm long in an adult, located in the midline in shape of a "C” in medium sagittal sections. (Fig. 1,Fig. 2) It is subdivided into: Rostrum-connects orbital surfaces of frontal lobes. Genu- connects medial surfaces of frontal lobes. Trunk/body-formed by white fibers of the radiated crown. Splenium- connects occipital lobes. - Arterial irrigation: Mainly supplied by pericallosalarteries(anterior cerebral arteries branches)...

●Malformations of the corpus callosum can be found in up to 1% of central nervous system examinations. ●Theradiologistshould be familiar with the spectrum of corpus callosum changes in different imaging methods: computed tomography, sonography, and magnetic resonanceimaging. ●In addition, one should be able to recognize associations with the genetic syndromes that may present malformations of the corpus callosum, both for the diagnosis of the syndrome itself as well as for the evaluation of possible expectedalterations of the corpus callosum associated with a known syndrome.

●Raybaud C. The corpus callosum, the other great forebrain commissures, and the septum pellucidum: anatomy, development, and malformation. Neuroradiology2010 Jun;52(6):447-77. doi: 10.1007/s00234-010-0696-3. Epub 2010 Apr 27. ●Osborn AG.Osborn’s Brain: Imaging, Pathology, and Anatomy. Wolters Kluwer / Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2012; ●Kier EL et al: The normal and abnormal genu of the corpus callosum: an evolutionary, embryologic, anatomic, and MR analysis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 17(9):1631-41, 1996 ●Küker W et al: Malformations of the midline commissures: MRI findings in different forms of callosal dysgenesis. Eur...