Myeloma is a debilitating cancer, with 5540 new patients and 2928 death each year in the UK. It is characterisedby the clonal proliferation of plasma cells within the bone marrow resulting in significant bone pain, pathological fractures, a low blood count and high calcium levels, affecting patients’ quality of life [1]. Advanced imaging techniques including whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI), whole-body computed tomography (WB-CT) or 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT (18F-FDG PET/CT) are now recommended for patients with suspected or newly diagnosed myeloma (International Myeloma Working...

A retrospective study was performed following IRB approval.25 newly diagnosed myeloma patients (12 male; mean±SD = 61±10 years) underwent simultaneous 18F-FDG PET/CT and WB-MRI prior to treatment. Inclusion criteria were clinical or biochemical suspicion of multiple myeloma, no contraindication to either contrast enhanced WB-MRI or 18F-FDG PET/CT, no previous chemotherapy or radiotherapy, and a maximum 2monthinterval between WB-MRI and PET/CT with no interval treatment. PET/CT acquisition: Following a 6hr fast, 400 MBq18F-FDG was administered intravenously. At 60 +/-5 mins post injection, imaging was acquired from...

Association was noted between SUVmaxand ADCskewness(r=-0.51, p=0.01), but not SUVmaxand FF. A number of ADC and FF parameters were also correlated e.g. ADCmean& FFmean(r=-0.64, p<0.001); ADCmean& FFskewness(r=0.58, p=0.002). No significant associations were noted between SUV, ADC, or FF with percentage bone marrow infiltration.

Quantitative parameters e.g. standardised uptake value (SUV), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fat fraction (FF) may enable more accurate assessment of plasma cell infiltration and bone marrow composition in newly diagnosed myeloma. The use of water-fat imaging techniques such as the two-point or multi point Dixon technique permits the calculation of fat fraction data and hence quantitative assessment using the simple equation FF = fat/(fat+water) [7]. It is postulated that, in high grade plasma cell infiltration of bone marrow, fat cells are replaced by plasma...

1.Myeloma incidence statistics. Cancer Research UK. https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/health-professional/cancer-statistics/statistics-by-cancer-type/myeloma/incidence. Published 2019. Accessed December 10, 2019. 2.Rajkumar SV, Dimopoulos MA, Palumbo A, et al. International Myeloma Working Group updated criteria for the diagnosis of multiple myeloma. Lancet Oncol. 2014;15(12):e538-48. 3.Zamagni E, Nanni C, Patriarca F, et al. A prospective comparison of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and whole-body planar radiographs in the assessment of bone disease in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Haematologica. 2007;92(1):50-5. 4.Messiou C, Kaiser M. Whole body diffusion weighted MRI - a new...