Learning objectives
Distinguish normal postpartum appearances from pathological.
Describe the different etiologies of postpartum complications and their imaging findings.
Select the most appropriate imaging modality in each case.
Background
The postpartum period refers to the time from delivery up to 6-8 weeks later, when maternal physiological changes related to pregnancy return to baseline [1]. It is a time of intense changes and the diagnosis of associated complications can be a challenge to both the obstetrician and the radiologist.
Normal findings
There is a considerable overlap between the normal and pathological appearances and it is important to recognize first what is considered to be within normal limits.
Uterine content (even the presence of gas) and...
Findings and procedure details
In this review, we divide the different complications related to the puerperium in relation to the pathophysiology underlying because a proper understanding can help the radiologist to choose the best imaging technique and to know the associated imaging findings that are key to make the diagnosis.
1. Hypercoagulability
During pregnancy, the body is in a pro-thrombotic state to prevent a massive bleeding at delivery. This fact increases the risk of venous thromboembolism at different levels [1].
Ovarian vein thrombosis
It occurs in 0,05%-0,18% of all...
Conclusion
The postpartum period has a variety of acute and potentially mortal complications that may be a diagnostic challenge. The better understanding of the different etiologies helps us to select the most appropriate imaging technique and to know what to look for to make a prompt and accurate diagnosis.
Personal information and conflict of interest
J. García Prieto; Madrid/ES - nothing to disclose E. Martinez Chamorro; Madrid/ES - nothing to disclose J. Alonso Sanchez; Madrid/ES - nothing to disclose P. A. Encinas Escobar; Madrid/ES - nothing to disclose G. Garcia Galarraga; Madrid/ES - nothing to disclose I. Rios; Madrid/ES - nothing to disclose
References
Plunk M, Lee JH et al. Imaging of Postpartum Complications: A Multimodality Review. AJR 2013; 200: 143-154
Kamaya A, Ro K et al. Imaging and Diagnosis of Postpartum Complications: Sonography and Other Imaging Modalities. Ultrasound Quarterly 2009; 25:151-162
Rodgers SK, Kirby CL et al. Imaging after cesarean delivery: acute and chronic complications. Radiographics 2012; 32(6):1693-1712
Himoto Y, Kido A et al. CT and MR imaging findings of systemic complications occurring during pregnancy and puerperal period, adversely affected by natural changes. European Journal of Radiology 2015;...