Learning objectives
The purpose of this study was to determine the significance of computed tomography angiography (CTA) in detection of the causes and extent of renal artery disease (RAD).
Background
RAD is considered the most common cause of potentially curable secondary hypertension that,
if left untreated,
leads to end-stage renal disease.
It is found in up to 5% of the general hypertensive population and in patients with symptomatology suggestive of renovascular hypertension the prevalence of RAD rises to 20–40%.
The most common clinical features of RAD are poorly-controlled hypertension,
renal impairment and,
in cases caused by atherosclerosis,
symptoms of arterial stenosis at other sites,
like cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease.
Pathophysiological process by which RAD leads...
Findings and procedure details
A retrospective study was performed from year 2011 to 2018.
The study included 45 patients (25 females and 20 males),
mean age 52 ± 15.
Selection of patients was preformed by criteria displayed in Table 2.
Table 2.
Inclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria
Suspected secondary arterial hypertension
Age over 18
Renal transplant patients
Pregnancy
Suspected renal trauma
Previous severe allergic reactions to iodine contrast
The method of examination was MDCT contrast angiography,
with the use of 2D and 3D software postprocessing (Multi Planar Reformation,
Maximum Intensity...
Conclusion
CTA has significance in determining the existence and extent of RAD,
as well as the underlying cause.
It is a noninvasive method,
carrying less risk for the patient than the invasive catheter angiography.
While DSA is limited to luminal imaging,
CTA allows us to also visualize the vessel walls,
renal parenchymal morphology and surrounding tissues.
Compared to other noninvasive methods,
such as ultrasound and magnetic resonance angiography,
CTA offers better spatial and temporal resolution,
implantable device compatibility and widespread availability.
References
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Clinical review: renal artery stenosis.
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