Learning objectives
To illustrate types and mechanisms of musculoskeletal injuries of the neck,
torso and extremities sustained by mountain bikers.
To highlight the importance of multimodality imaging,
including radiography,
CT,
MRI and ultrasound,
in clinical management.
CONTENTS:
Epidemiology of different types of injuries seen in mountain bikers
Illustrate common injuries of the bone and soft tissue and associated findings that are characteristic to the following anatomical locations:Neck;Shoulder; Thorax; Forearm; Wrist; Buttock; Hip; Thigh; and Knee
Discuss the role of different imaging modalities in the diagnosis of suspected...
Background
Mountain biking is a popular recreational and competitive sport worldwide.
Mountain bikers may incur serious injuries due to high velocity falls in off-road situations despite use of protective gear.
EPIDEMIOLOGY (1)
Data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System of the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission for patients aged ≥ 8 years from 1994 through 2007.
Nationwide,
an estimated 217,433 patients were treated for mountain bike-related injuries in United States emergency departments from 1994 to 2007,
an average of 15,531 injuries per year.
The...
Findings and procedure details
CHOICE OF IMAGING MODALITY
Radiography should initially be performed to diagnose or rule out acute osseous injury,
such as fractures and dislocations
Radiographically occult fractures may be detected using CT or MRI,
if clinically suspected
Muscle,
tendon and ligamentous injuries can be initially diagnosed using ultrasound.
For injuries of deep structures or large/extensive lesions,
MRI can depict a larger region of interest,
with more detailed anatomical information of the type and extent of lesion
Neck Injuries:
- Cervical Spine Fracture and C5 Nerve Root Injury...
Conclusion
Multimodality imaging helps emergency medicine physicians,
sports medicine physicians and orthopaedic surgeons in clinical management of injured mountain bikers.
Radiography is the first line tool in the evaluation of bony injuries as well as thoracic injuries including pneumothorax.
CT may add information and is important for detailed assessment of osseous injuries.
Ultrasound is useful as an imaging tool for muscle injuries and detection of superficial foreign bodies.
MRIis used when detailed anatomical information is needed for evaluation of soft tissue injuries,
including muscles and joint...
References
Nelson and McKenzie.
Mountain biking-related injuries treated in emergency departments in the United States,
1994-2007.
Am J Sports Med 2011; 39:404-409.
Kim et al.
Mountain biking injuries requiring trauma center admission: a 10-year regional trauma system experience.
J Trauma 2006; 60:312-318.