Learning objectives
To describe the key findings related to ultrasoundof thyroid,showing the usefulness and importance of color and pulsed Doppler analisis in combination withB-mode in the evaluation of the thyroid gland.
This paperdid not cover elastographyor discuss the contrastenhanced ultrasound (CEUS).
We alsointended to showexaminers about the possibilities and scope of the examination,
andto purpose a standardized protocol for minimum photographic documentation.
Background
Ultrasonography has been confirmed in the last decades to be the method of choice for morphological evaluation of the thyroid gland,
mostly because its notable high resolution,
capability of distinguishing subtle changes in the texture of the glandular parenchyma,
reliability in detecting and characterizing nodules.
Besides we must consider the absence of contraindications,
high availability and low cost.
The investigation of diffuse thyroid diseases and the screening of thyroid nodules must include this method.
If we consider the high incidence of thyroiditis and nodules in...
Findings and procedure details
The thyroid ultrasound examination should be performed with a high frequency linear transducer,
usually between 10 and 14 MHz.
Multifrequency transducers allows a range of frequencies that can consequently determine a higher technical quality examination.
Lower frequency linear transducers (7 to 10 MHz),
as well as convex transducers,
are useful for evaluation of large glands (e.g.
goiter),
evaluation of large nodules,and to assessment of a thyroidthat extends to the chest.
The device must beproperly preset for thyroid assessment.
Color Doppler evaluation will require an initialadjustment...
Conclusion
Color mapping and spectral Doppler analysis are useful tools in addition to the B mode ultrasound evaluation of the thyroid.Due to its non-invasive character and the wide availability at low cost,
morphological evaluation of the thyroid can be routinely associated.
The method allows to determine the vascularization in the thyroiditis,
with better targeting of the diagnosis.
The systolic peak velocity is an additional parameter in the differential diagnosis of difuse thyroid diseases,
as well as in the evaluation of the effectiveness and adherence to the...
Personal information
Peter Celio Francolin,
MD
From:
The division of ultrasound of DASA (Diagnósticos da America)
The division of ultrasound of INRAD-HCFMUSP (Brazil)
Contact:
[email protected]
References
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Tessler FN et al: ACR Thyroid imaging,
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Journal of the American college of radiology,
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Chammas MC: Ultra-sonografia nas tireoidites.
Radiol Bras 2007;40(2)V-VI.
Tungut AT: Maximum systolic velocity of inferior thyroid artery and thyroideal color Doppler flow pattern in hypothyroid subjects before and after treatment.
J Med Ultrasound 2009; V17,...