Learning objectives
Describe the spectrum of neuroendocrine proliferations and tumors of the lung.
Provide diagnostic clues to neuroendocrine proliferations and tumors of the lung.
Background
The neuroendocrine proliferations and tumors of the lung represent a broad clinical and pathologic spectrum and have particular imagen features.
The prognosis and outcome depends of its adecuate classification,
for this reason we describe the spectrum and their clinical,
pathologic,
and imaging findings.
Three manifestations of neuroendocrine cell proliferations have been described that occur in different clinical settings: reactive neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia with associated lung disease,neuroendocrine cell proliferations associated with carcinoid tumors,
and diffuse idiopathic neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia.
Reactiveneuroendocrine cell hyperplasiaassociated with diseased lung is...
Findings and procedure details
Neuroendocrine tumors of the lung share the common neuroendocrine morphologic features including organoid nesting,
palisading,
rosettes,
or a trabecular growth pattern.
They can be classified radiologically and pathologically into subtypes.
Typical carcinoids are relatively well-differentiated tumors and atypical carcinoids are highly aggressive poorly differentiated tumors; both have similar gross pathologic and imaging features,
but typical carcinoids are less aggressive.
Carcinoids manifest as well defined pulmonary nodules or masses that are often closely related to central bronchi.
They may exhibit intrinsic calcification and contrast material enhancement...
Conclusion
Neuroendocrine tumors of the lung have a broad spectrum,
that radiologist needs to know to do different diagnosis,
to impact in the patients outcome.
Neuroendocrine tumorsmay be diagnosed incidentally in asymptomatic patients and should be considered in risk populationwith CT evidence of pulmonary micronodules and air trapping.
Pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinomas are aggressive,
large pulmonary masses.
Affected patients often present with metastatic disease,
and the lesions are indistinguishable from other aggressive lung cancers.
Enhancement computed tomography represents an excellent imaging method to help differentiate neuroendocrine lung...
References
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Spectrum of pulmonary neuroendocrine proliferations and neoplams.
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Neuroendocrine tumors of the lung: an update.
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Rosado de Christenson ML,
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Thoracic carcinoids: radiologic-pathologic correlation.
RadioGraphics 1999;19(3):707–736.
Gosney JR,
Travis WD.
Diffuse idiopathic neuroen- docrine cell hyperplasia.
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Pathology and genetics: tumours of the lung,
pleura,
thymus and heart.
Lyon,
France:...