Learning objectives
This study aims to demonstrate the changes of bone marrow (BM) signal,
illustrating the main causes and highlighting important image aspects for its corret detection and characterization onmagnetic ressonance imaging (MRI).
The purpose of this exhibit is:
- To recognize characteristic imaging findings of the normal bone marrow signal intensity.
- To Illustrate the main image patterns of bone marrow edema.
- To list and illustrate magnetic ressonance sequences that may help reaching the correct diagnosis of increased signal intensity in bone marrow.
- To...
Background
Bone marrow edema is easily identified on magnetic resonance imaging.
Defined as increased signal intensity in bone marrow (BM) seen on water-sensitive magnetic ressonance,
the term implies fluid content.
However,
numerous other conditions may lead to the same changes.
Imaging findings OR Procedure Details
▶ NORMAL BONE MARROW:
- The red (hematopoietic) to fatty (yellow) marrow conversion begins in the periphery of the appendicular skeleton and proceeds centrally.
In the long bones,
fatty marrow first appears in the diaphyses and epiphyses and later in the metaphyses (Figure 1).
- NORMAL BONE MARROW appearance (Figure 2):
*T1WI (A): hyperintense
*T2WI (B): intermediate
*FAT-SAT (C): hypointense
▶ ABNORMAL BONE MARROW: change in the normal fatty signal.
Increased signal intensity in bone marrow should be interpreted as a radiological sign,
not as...
Conclusion
Bone marrow edema is a common and often misinterpreted finding on magnetic ressonance imaging.
Knowledge of the possible causes of bone marrow increased signal is essential for its proper detection and characterization,
influencing the diagnosis,
management and prognosis of patients.
References
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