To illustrate the imaging appearance of Tumoral Calcinosis across various modalities, focusing on characteristics that may facilitate the differential diagnosis.

Tumoral calcinosis (TC) is a rare disorder of uncertain etiology, characterized by calcific tumorous soft-tissue masses surrounding extensor surfaces of large joints, typically hips, elbows and shoulders. Two subtypes have been described, which are histologically and radiologically indistinguishable; primary/familial type (normo-phosphatemic or hyper-phosphatemic), due to gene mutation, and secondary TC, associated with metabolic abnormalities, typically chronic renal failure (patients undergoing haemodialysis) and associated secondary/tertiary hyperparathyroidism. The majority of patients with familial TC present with the disease before the second decade of life. Lesions appear slow-growing,...

The study of two cases with uremic TC in our department, one rare case presenting with painful palpable soft-tissue masses surrounding multiple joints and one asymptomatic patient incidentally diagnosed with TC on routine CT examination, generated a review of the literature concerning the imaging appearance of TC and its mimics. IMAGING Diagnosis of TC relies on imaging to a great extent [3]. Initial investigation with plain X-ray and ultrasonography is usually very effective. ♦ Characteristic radiographic appearance is a multilobulated, amorphous, calcified periarticular lesion, usually...

Imaging-based differentiation of TC and its mimics may be challenging and occasionally leads to imprecise or delayed diagnosis. Intraosseous invasion of a calcified soft tissue mass cannot exclude TC, although it is a rare finding. Nevertheless, the constellation of characteristic imaging findings in combination with a detailed clinical history and biochemical profile, can advocate an exact diagnosis. Imaging plays an important role in directing the clinician and avoiding unnecessary invasive procedures. Histopathological correlation is rarely required in equivocal cases.

[1] Fathi I., Sakr M. Review of tumoral calcinosis: A rare clinicopathological entity. World Journal of Clinical Cases 2014; 2(9): 409-414. DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v2.i9.409 [2] Abraham Z., Rozner I., Rozenbaum M. Tumoral Calcinosis: Report of a Case and Brief Review of the Literature. The Journal of Dermatology 1996; 23: 545-550. DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.1996.tb02649.x [3] Olsen KM., Chew FS. Tumoral Calcinosis: Pearls, Polemics, and Alternative Possibilities. RadioGraphics 2006; 26: 871–885. DOI: 10.1148/rg.263055099 [4] Martinez S. Tumoral Calcinosis: 12 Years Later. Seminars in musculoskeletal radiology 2003; 6(4): 331-339.   DOI:...