Learning objectives
Musculoskeletal manifestations of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
are not as common as CNS or pulmonary complications.
Nonetheless,
their prevalence is high.
Depending on the condition,
aetiology may be related to the HIV infection itself,
the resultant immunodeficiency,
or antiretroviral therapy.
The purpouse of our posters is:
- To list the musculoskeletal complications in AIDS
- Discuss the roles of different imaging techniques in the diagnosis of these diseases and describe their imaging features.
Background
BACKGROUND
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV),
and has become a worldwide epidemic since its first clinical description by Gottlieb in 1981.
HIV/AIDS remains one of the world's most significant public health challenges,
particularly in low- and middle-income countries.
At the end of 2014,
14.9 million people were receiving ART worldwide; this represents 40% [37–45%] of the 36.9 million [34.3–41.4 million] people living with HIV.
An estimated 2 million [1.9–2.2 million] people were newly infected with the...
Imaging findings OR Procedure Details
These diseases may be infectious (cellulitis,
necrotizing fasciitis,
soft-tissue abscesses,
pyomyositis,
osteomyelitis,
septic arthritis),
inflammatory (arthritis,
polymyositis),
or neoplastic (lymphoma,
Kaposi sarcoma).
INFECTIOUS CONDITIONS:
Patients with AIDS are susceptible to opportunistic and non-opportunistic infections that can affect the skin,
subcutanous layers,
bones and joints.
- Cellulitis
Cellulitis is frequently due to bacterial infection or local trauma that compromises the dermis and subcutaneous tissue and is usually caused by local flora such as Streptococcus and Staphylococcus.
Although most cases of cellulitis are diagnosed clinically it is...
Conclusion
Although musculoskeletal abnormalities in patients with HIV are not as common as Central Nervous System and pulmonary disorders a wide variety of osseous,
articular and soft tissues diseases may be encountered.
The decrease in the body’s defense mechanisms secondary to HIV infection predisposes these individuals to a variety of complications that can affect the musculoskeletal system,
including various opportunistic infections,
neoplasms and several rheumatologic syndromes.
It is important for the radiologists to be familiar with this entities so that a prompt diagnosis can be elicited.
References
1.
Restrepo CS,
Lemos DF,
Gordillo H et-al.
Imaging findings in musculoskeletal complications of AIDS.
Radiographics.
24 (4): 1029-49.
2.
Walker UA,
Tyndall A,
and T.
Daikeler T,
Rheumatic conditions in human immunodeficiency virus infection.
Rheumatology (2008) 47 (7): 952-959.
3.
Wyatt SH,
Fishman EK.
CT/MRI of musculoskeletal complications of AIDS.
Skeletal Radiol.
1995 Oct;24(7):481-8.
4.
Nguyen BY,
Reveille JD.
Rheumatic manifestations associated with HIV in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era.
Curr Opin Rheumatol.
2009;21 (4): 404-10
5.
Louthrenoo W.
Rheumatic manifestations of human...