Learning objectives
(1) To review the muscularanatomy of the chest wall and upper extremityand the pathogenesisof common injury types.
(2) To comparethe relative merits of ultrasound and MRI assessment in different muscle compartments.
(3) To discussthe key imaging characteristics of typical chest wall and upper extremity muscular and myotendinous injuries.
Background
Introduction
Muscle injuries are a common consequent of sport and usually arise from direct blunt impact or indirectly from the application of excessive eccentric force.
They do not always require imaging but do need to be accurately diagnosed and characterised in order to optimise athletic performance and to predict recovery time.
Although more prevalent in the lower limb,
muscle-tendon unit injuries to the chest wall and upper limb are well described and represent a significant cause of time away from sport,
particularly in weight lifting...
Imaging findings OR Procedure Details
Content:
(1) Common sports related muscle injuries; (a) contusions (and myositis ossificans,
(b) laceration,
(c) strain and tear,
(d) delayed onset muscle soreness,
(e) compartment syndrome.(2) Specific muscle injuries; (a) Pectoralis major,
(b) Pectoralis minor,
(c) Shoulder and upper arm,
(d) Elbow and lower arm(Fig. 2).
Common sports related muscle injuries
Contusion
This type of injury is usually caused by direct,
blunt trauma and usually occurs deep in the muscle belly. In the upper limb they may also be associated with shoulder instability.
This is...
Conclusion
Muscle injuries to the chest wall and upper extremity are not as common as in the lower extremity but are well described and usually arise from direct blunt impact or from excessive eccentric force.
Minor strains and tears usually go unrecognised or unreported.
High-grade muscle injuries however must be diagnosed early and accurately if surgery is to be considered as loss of function can have a greater impact on athletic ability than sometimes seen with lower limb injury.
A detailed imaging assessment allows detection of...
References
1.
Weber M-A (ed).
Magnetic resonance imaging of the skeletal musculature.
Medical radiology.
Diagnostic imaging.
Springer 2013
2.
Damon B,
Buck A,
Ding Z.
Diffusion-tensor MRI based skeletal muscle fibre tracking.
Imaging Med 2011;3(6):675-687
3.
Longwei X,
Clinical application of diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging in skeletal muscle.
Muscles,
Ligaments and Tendons J 2012:2(1)19-24
4.
Lee J,
Healy J.
Sonography of lower limb muscle injury.
Am J Roentgenol 2004;182:341-351
5.
Thorsson O,
Lilja B,
Nilsson P,
et al.
Immediate external compression in the management of...
Personal Information
Edward Sellon,
Musculoskeletal Centre X-Ray Department,
Chapel Allerton Hospital,
Leeds,
UK LS7 4SA.
E-mail address:
[email protected]
Andrew Grainger,
Musculoskeletal Centre X-Ray Department,
Chapel Allerton Hospital,
Leeds,
UK LS7 4SA.
E-mail address:
[email protected]
Philip Robinson,
Musculoskeletal Centre X-Ray Department,
Chapel Allerton Hospital,
Leeds,
UK LS7 4SA.
E-mail address:
[email protected]