Flow can be described as laminar, vortical, or turbulent. Although laminar flow, which can occur in straight blood vessels, is characterized by parallel stream lines, vortical and turbulent flows are dominated by swirling motion of the fluid at different scales. In the 15th century, Leonardo da Vinci pictured vortices in the sinuses above the aortic valve. Until today, vortices in the human circulation remain a challenging aspect of fluid dynamics. Modern phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has shown that vortical flow is a common finding...

1- Left ventricular modeling of the myocardium: Ranjbar S. et al. (2013) recently developed the first novel left ventricular myocardial model mathematically based on echocardiography, by MATLAB software and LSDYNA software in normal subjects, which dynamic orientation contraction (through the cardiac cycle) of every individual myocardial fiber could be created by adding together the sequential steps of the multiple fragmented sectors of that fiber. The left ventricular myocardial modeling of the heart shows that in normal cases myocardial fibers initiate from the posterior-basal region of...

During ejection, the direction of the flow was from LV apex to LV out flow track (LVOT). After the aortic valve closure, in the early isovolumic relaxation (IVR) period, the direction of flow reversed from LV base to apex with a brief appearance of vortex in the proximity of the mitral valve. During the mid-late IVR period, the non-vertical columnar flow was seen directed from base to apex. In the early diastolic period, an irrotational flow associated with early LV filling dominated the vector representation...

As stated by Jacques Hadmard in 'science and hypothesis', mathematical creation and mathematical intelligence are not without connection with creation in general and with general intelligence. A great proportion of prominent mathematicians have been creators in other fields. One of the greatest, Gauss, carried out important and classical experiments on magnetism; and Newton's fundamental discoveries in optics are well known. And Leibniz influenced by their mathematical abilities on philosophical ones. The researches we propose here, are motivated by our background and previous research, and are...

1- Mersedeh Karvandi, Saeed Ranjbar, Seyed Ahmad Hassantash, Mahnoosh Foroughi. Brief communication: Mathematical concepts of mechanisms of left ventricular myocardium. International Journal of Medical Imaging, 2014; 2(2): 19-23. 2- Mersedeh Karvandi, Saeed Ranjbar, Seyed Ahmad Hassantash. Mechanical mitral valve modeling: Advancing the field through emerging science. International Journal of Medical Imaging, 2014; 2(2): 24-28. 3- Mersedeh Karvandi, Saeed Ranjbar, Seyed Ahmad Hassantash . An essential calculated power formula as a new index to study myocardial function of heart. International Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, 2014;...