Learning objectives
To define the radiological findings and establish the differential diagnosis of the tuberculosis in the pediatric age group in the respiratory system,the central nervous system (CNS), the muscle-skeletal system, abdominal and head-neck locations.
Background
Tuberculosis is reappearing in non-endemic population due to the increase of immigration, immunosupression and resistance to the treatment.It presents a high rate of morbidity if an adequate and early treatment is not used.The prevalence of the tuberculosis infection in our community is increasing. We find in our region a rate of 13/100 thousand population in patients of 0-5 years-old and 10.3/100 thousand in 5-10 years-old.Infection by TBC shows a great variety of clinical finds and through images that can simulate a big number of diseases.Even...
Imaging findings OR Procedure details
Tuberculosis usually affects the respiratory system. However, it can appear in any organ system, especially in immunocompromised patients.PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS.It has been divides into primary and postprimary tuberculosis.PRIMARY PULMONARY TBCIt is seen in patients with no previous exposure to M. tuberculosis.It is the most common form in childhood (higher prevalence in children less than5 years-old).It is radiologically distinct from postprimary tuberculosis (the most common form in adults).Simple Rx is normal in up to 15% of patients with proved tuberculosis.At radiology, primary tuberculosis can manifests as four...
Conclusion
Childhood tuberculosis is emerging in our region due to the increased immigration as the main factor.There is high morbidity and frequent multiorgan involvement.Its clinical presentation is nonspecific and can have a wide differential diagnosis, so it is essential an accurate knowledge of the radiological signs.
References
1. Burrill J, Williams CJ, Bain G, Conder G, Hine AL, Misra RR. Tuberculosis: a radiologic review. Radiographics 2007; 27:1255-73.2. Andronikou S, Joseph E, Lucas S, Brachmeyer S, Du Toit G, Zar H, et al. CT scanning for the detection of tuberculous mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy in children. Pediatr Radiol 2004;34:232-6.3. Marais BJ, Gie RP, Schaaf HS, Starke JR, Hesseling AC, Donald PR, et al. A proposed radiological classification of childhood intra-thoracic tuberculosis. Pediatr Radiol 2004;34:886-94.4. Leung AN, Müller NL, Pineda PR, FitzGerald JM. Primary...