Learning objectives
Define the clinical features and risk factors associated with gallbladder carcinoma.
Illustrate the varied radiologic spectrum of gallbladder carcinoma on multimodality imaging with histo-pathological correlation.
Describe the patterns of spread of carcinoma of the gallbladder and its differential diagnosis.
Background
Gallbladder cancer is the most common malignancy of the biliary tract,
representing 80%-95% of biliary tract cancers worldwide.
In the UK around 800 cases are diagnosed each year and it affects women more frequently than men,
with about 7 out of every 10 cases diagnosed in women.
The older age groups are most often affected,
and in vast majority of cases coexisting gallstones are present.
In the United States,
it is the sixth most common gastrointestinal malignancy,
following cancer of the colon,
pancreas,
stomach,
liver,...
Findings and procedure details
Clinical Features
Risk factors
1. Ethnicity,
gender,
and age
Primary carcinoma of the gallbladder is an uncommon though aggressive malignancy with marked ethnic and geographical variations.
Worldwide,
gallbladder cancer has a low occurrence <2 per 100,000,
but has a wide variance.
Gallbladder cancer is rare in developed countries.
In the U.S.,
it accounts for less than 5,000 cases per year (1).
High rates of gallbladder carcinoma are seen in South American countries,
particularly Chile,
Bolivia,
and Ecuador,
as well as some areas of India,
Pakistan,...
Conclusion
Primary carcinoma of the gallbladder is a highly aggressive malignancy usually diagnosed at a late stage in the majority of affected patients.
Early-stage gallbladder carcinoma is most commonly an incidental finding in patients who have undergone cholecystectomy for inflammatory disease of the gallbladder.
The radiologic findings in early-stage cancers are subtle and may mimic those of acute or chronic cholecystitis.
The radiologic findings in advanced tumors reflect its behavior.
Direct extension to the liver and biliary tree,
biliary obstruction,
lymph node metastases,
and hematogenous metastases...
Personal information
Dr.
Kalpana Bansal
Assistant Professor,
Radiology
Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences
D-1 Vasant Kunj
New Delhi,
INDIA.
References
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Lazcano-Ponce EC,
Miquel JF,
Munoz N,
et al.
Epidemiology and molecular pathology of gallbladder cancer.
CA: Cancer J Clin.
2001; 51(6):349-364.
2.
Hundal R,
Shaffer EA.
Gallbladder cancer: epidemiology and outcome.
Clin Epidemiol.
2014 Mar 7;6:99-109
3.
Randi G,
Franceschi S,
La Vecchia C.
Gallbladder cancer worldwide: geographical distribution and risk factors.
Int J Cancer.
2006; 118(7): 1591-1602.
4.
Duffy A,
Capanu M,
Abou-Alfa GK,
et al.
Gallbladder cancer (GBC): 10-year experience at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Centre (MSKCC)J Surg Oncol.2008; 98(7):485–489.
5.
Shaffer EA....