Learning objectives
The learning objectives of this report are:
to familiarize readers with the clinical manifestations,
radiological findings and differential diagnosis of anomalous pulmonary venous connection
to emphasize the role that imaging methods can play in demostrating a structural morphopathological substrate.
to present the radiological imaging findings from several imaging methods in six cases with clinical Anomalous pulmonary venous connection.
Background
The development and drainage of the pulmonary veins is a complex and incompletely understood process.
A variety of abnormalities form a spectrum of disease ranging from normal insertion of an abnormal number of veins to abnormal insertion of some or all of the pulmonary veins.
In addition,
one or more pulmonary veins may be obstructed,
regardless of normal or abnormal insertion.
Controversy exists about the origin of the primordial pulmonary vein.
Nevertheless,
it is generally accepted that a common pulmonary vein forms in the dorsal...
Findings and procedure details
Main entities included in anomalous pulmonary venous connections are partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection(PAPVR),sinus venosus defect,
total anomalous pulmonary venousconnection(TAPVR),
cor triatriatum,
and pulmonary vein stenosis.
· Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection (PAPVC)
Imaging Indications and Algorithm
The suggestion of anomalous venous return on chest radiography or echocardiography warrants further evaluation with cardiac CT angiography (CTA) or MRI.
Because of the increased frequency of PAPVC reported in patients with Turner syndrome,
routine screening in this population may be warranted.
[1]
Imaging Techniques and Findings
Radiography...
Conclusion
By reviewing this exhibit,
users will be able to recognize the clinical manifestations of the anomalous pulmonary venous connection and more important, to familiarize with the imaging findings.
Radiography,
echocardiography,computed tomography and magnetic resonance are useful imaging methods in patients with suspicion of anomalous pulmonary venous connection.
References
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Gautham P.
Reddy.
Cardiovascular Imaging,
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2001:625-638.
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M.A.
(2015)EmbryologyRespiratory System Development.
Retrieved December 12,
2015,
from https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Respiratory_System_Development
3. Seale A,
Carvalho J,
Gardiner H,
Mellander M,
Roughton M,
Simpson J,
et al.
Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection: impact of prenatal diagnosis.Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol.
2012 Jan 20.
4.
Douglas YL,
Jongbloed MR,
den Hartog WC,
Bartelings MM,
Bogers AJ,
Ebels T.
Pulmonary vein and atrial wall pathology in human total anomalous pulmonary venous connection.Int J Cardiol.
2009 May...