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Keywords:
Extremities, Kidney, Thyroid / Parathyroids, Ultrasound, Diagnostic procedure, Image registration
Authors:
L. Solbiati1, S. Castor2, S. de Beni3, S. D'Onofrio3, L. Forzoni4; 1Busto Arsizio/IT, 2Syracuse NY/US, 3Genova/IT, 4Firenze/IT
DOI:
10.1594/ecr2016/C-1839
Methods and materials
On 4 male patients,
that previously underwent respectively Thyroid SPECT,
Shoulder MRI,
Shoulder X-Ray and Abdomen CT (1 patient for each imaging modality),
an US examination with a novel electromagnetically tracked technology for 2D Navigation,
that combines real-time US with pre-acquired DICOM images (BodyMap,
Esaote S.p.A.,
Genova,
Italy) was subsequently performed.
BodyMap technology was used to show the real-time position of the US probe with respect to any DICOM image in different applications: Thyroid,
MSK,
Kidney.
While the probe is moving,
the probe position (indicated by a green circle) is automatically over-imposed on the reference DICOM image (2D imaging modality or Bodymark),
thus enabling saving of images or clips with the automatic update of the indication of probe position on the reference image while performing the US scanning.
For all the examinations an Esaote MyLabTwice US system (Esaote S.p.A.,
Genova Italy),
equipped with Virtual Navigation option,
allowing BodyMap real-time image fusion of Thyroid SPECT,
Shoulder MRI,
Shoulder X-Ray and Abdomen CT with 2D US scans,
was employed.
Moreover,
Esaote LA523 and LA533 (Linear array probes),
then CA541 Convex array probe (LA523 - Operating Bandwidth: 4-13 MHz; LA533 - Operating Bandwidth: 3-13 MHz ; CA541 – Operating Bandwidth: 1-8 MHz; ) with different reusable tracking brackets with sensor mounted (Esaote Virtual Navigator electromagnetic sensor receiver dedicated support for LA523, CIVCO 639-042 -for LA533- and CIVCO 639-041 -for CA541- reusable tracking brackets with sensor mounted by CIVCO Medical Solutions,
Kalona,
Iowa,
USA) were used.
CA541 convex 50mm radius probe was used for abdominal scanning.
LA523 and LA533,
50 mm array width were used for thyroid and shoulder US scanning.
LA533 and CA541 probes have a dual possibility hand grip,
pinch grip and palmar grip (appleprobe design),
in order to provide a neutral wrist position.
This resource represented an additional operator’s comfort option during long examinations.
BodyMap real-time fusion imaging between Thyroid SPECT,
Shoulder MRI,
Shoulder X-Ray and Abdomen CT and 2D US data on the US system was possible by an electromagnetic tracking system,
consisting of a transmitter on a fixed position and a small receiver mounted on the US probe through a dedicated support.
The transmitter,
whose position is considered the origin of the reference space system,
was kept steady by a proper support,
while the position and the orientation of the US probe in the created 3D
space is provided by the receiver unit.
The electromagnetic field source tip was oriented to point the target,
the subject’s body area to be examined,
in order to address the highest intensity and the most homogeneous area of the created electromagnetic field on the US scanning area.
The magnetic field produced by Virtual Navigator electromagnetic tracking system is stronger at the transmitter site and it fades with distance from the transmitter: the magnetic field is lower than the Earth’s magnetic field at a distance of 78 cm from the transmitter.
A non-metallic table was used to reduce as much as possible the interferences with the created electromagnetic field.