Learning objectives
To introduce a number of infrequent diseases classified by the anatomic divisions of the orbits and their content through a compartmental analysis.
To present a wide number of imaging staples of unusual pathology that can involve the orbital components.
To review the spectrum of imaging findings of some unusual orbit lesions.
Background
Orbital pathology is the term used to refer to the group of diseases that involve the orbitary components.
Although conditions and etiologies are different,
symptoms and clinical presentation are often very similar.
Imaging has an important role in the diagnosis and classification of these vague clinical manifestations.
Common diseases are well documented and described and account for the majority of everyday cases.
Unusual conditions require an structured compartmental approach to identify the extension and correct clinical diagnosis.
Findings and procedure details
Compartmental Analysis
Orbits can be divided by their anatomical components,
from the outer margins to the core,
which is the globe/optic nerve complex.
(Figure 1).
Due to the high spacial resolution of CT and MR imaging,
arising tissue and compartment of specific pathologies can be identified,
therefore better diagnostic possibilities and orbital extension can be identified.
Dedicated orbital MR protocols include axial and coronal T1,
T2 both with fat suppression and axial and coronal T1 post contrast.
Bone involvement could require a CT with bone...
Conclusion
Common and frequent orbital pathologies are well described.
Anatomical division of the orbital compartments permits an organized and comprehensive approach for proper characterization in usual and even more so in unusual and infrequent entities like the ones shown trough these brief review.
Knowledge of their specific clinical scenarios,
anatomic location and imaging findings are the keys to accurate diagnosis and further clinical and surgical guidance.
Personal information
Miguel Vega Arango
Radiology Resident
Universidad CES
Medellín,
Colombia
[email protected]
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