Learning objectives
To learn common neurologicalpathologiesin HIV seropositive patients.
To review the radiologic findings of HIV/AIDS associated neurological complications for differential diagnosis.
Background
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the cause of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a retrovirus that infects cells of the immune system and destroys their function.
HIV enters the CNS by infecting monocytes which can cross the intact blood-brain barrier(the Trojan horse model), and the virus has been cultured from the brain, nerve and cerebrospinal fluid of patients at all stages of disease.
This virus leads to immune activation and overexpression of inflammatory cytokines and the indirect effects on macrophage activation are implicated as a...
Findings and procedure details
Direct effect of HIV
HIV Encephalopathy - HIV Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND)
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) is the result of neural damage caused by HIV replication and immune activation [3,4].
Classification of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders:
1)Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment (ANI): no evident symptoms or dysfunction in daily live.
2)Minor neurocognitive disorder (MND): subtle changes in working memory and attention, speed of informational processing.
3) HIV Associated Dementia (HAD): progressing dementia, severe memory loss and altered executive function.
Risk factors associated with development of HAND are as...
Conclusion
It is important to know the neuroradiological features of HIV / AIDS brain involvement in order to make a noninvasive differential diagnosis.
Personal information and conflict of interest
M. Kosar Tunc; Istanbul/TR - nothing to disclose K. Harmanci; Istanbul/TR - nothing to disclose
References
1)Singer EJ, Valdes-Sueiras M, Commins D, Levine A. Neurologic presentations of AIDS.Neurol Clin. 2010;28(1):253–275.
2) Hazleton JE, Berman JW, Eugenin EA. Novel mechanisms of central nervous system damage in HIV infection.HIV AIDS (Auckl). 2010;2:39–49.
3) Clifford DB, Ances BM. HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder.Lancet Infect Dis. 2013;13(11):976–986.
4) Letendre SL, Ellis RJ, Everall I, Ances B, Bharti A, McCutchan JA. Neurologic complications of HIV disease and their treatment.Top HIV Med. 2009;17(2):46–56.
5) Gage JT, Vance EA, Hildenbrand PG, Mattison T. Brain lesion and AIDS.Proc (Bayl Univ Med...
