Learning objectives
Describe the role of morphologic and functional imaging in patients suspected to have neuroendocrine tumours (NETs).
Outline the main imaging features of gastroentero-pancreatic NETs.
Background
Neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) are rare tumours caused by malignant transformation of cells of the neuroendocrine system. They can arise from a variety of organs but they are most frequently diagnosed in the gastrointestinal tractand lungs, reflecting the density of neuroendocrine cells in these tissues. The gastrointestinal tract is where the majority of NETs arise (67%).
There are currently 3.0-5.2 cases of NETs diagnosed per 100,000 people per year. The majority of cases arise sporadically,however 10% are attributed to an underlying genetic syndrome such as Multiple...
Findings and procedure details
Imaging of gastroenteropancreatic tumours can broadly be categorized into anatomic and functional techniques. Ultrasound, CT and MRI are modalities which can be employed to investigate the primary lesion. Functional imaging has the benefit of highlighting metastatic disease spread and provides information with regard to the biologic behaviour of the tumour.
CT is commonly the initial imaging modality for a patient presenting with signs and symptoms of a NET. It is useful for disease staging and surgical planning as it provides excellent anatomic detail of the...
Conclusion
Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (GEP-NETs) comprise a heterogeneous group of neoplasmswhich can be difficult to diagnose and identify. Contrast-enhanced CTprovides in-depth anatomical detail and plays an important role in localising the primary tumour and assessing for sites of metastatic disease. However, optimal investigation of neuroendocrine tumours often requires the use of both morphological and functional imaging techniques.
Personal information and conflict of interest
M. O'connell; Cork/IE - nothing to disclose M. Staunton; Cork/IE - nothing to disclose C. E. Dewhurst; Cork/IE - nothing to disclose
References
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4. Lawrence B, Gustafsson BI, Chan A, et al. The epidemiology of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Endocrinol Metab Clin North...