To illustrate the imaging findings of the Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) in the pediatric age group with different image modalities. To review the differential diagnosis of the LCH based on the involved tissue or organ.

LCH is the most common dendritic cell disorder [1]. LCH is more common in the pediatric age group between 1 and 4 years of age [2]. The incidence in children is 2–9/1000 000/year. The disease is predominant in males (M/F = 1.2–1.4) [3]. Clinical presentation is highly variable according to the proliferation and accumulation of LCH cells in involved-organs. It ranges from isolated, self-healing skin and bone lesions to life-threatening multi-system disease [1]. Diagnosis of LCH is based on the clinical features, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and...

Imaging techniques Radiography: First technique in bone involvement of the LCH. A skeletal survey and a chest radiograph are recommended for the assessment of disease extent in children with biopsy-proven LCH [5]. It is the “gold standard” of the diagnostic and staging procedure [6]. It should not be forgotten the limitations in the sensitivity of the radiography. Because lytic lesions become apparent only when 30–50% of the bone mineral density is already lost and some areas such as the skull base, the scapulae, the spine,...

Radiologists should be familiar with the imaging findings of the LCH which can affect different organs and tissue. We have illustrated these findings with examples of children with LCH.

F. C. C. Sarioğlu: Nothing to disclose Y. Pekçevik: Nothing to disclose H. Şahin: Nothing to disclose H. Güleryüz: Nothing to disclose T. Hancioğlu: Nothing to disclose

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