Keywords:
Cancer, AIDS, Abscess, Puncture, Education, Diagnostic procedure, MR, CT, Conventional radiography, Musculoskeletal soft tissue, Musculoskeletal joint, Musculoskeletal bone
Authors:
J. Cardenal Urdampilleta, F. Diez Renovales, J. Carrandi Camiña, I. Korta Gómez, B. I. Ruiz Morin, L. Antón Méndez; Bilbao/ES
DOI:
10.1594/essr2016/P-0101
Background
BACKGROUND
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV),
and has become a worldwide epidemic since its first clinical description by Gottlieb in 1981.
HIV/AIDS remains one of the world's most significant public health challenges,
particularly in low- and middle-income countries.
At the end of 2014,
14.9 million people were receiving ART worldwide; this represents 40% [37–45%] of the 36.9 million [34.3–41.4 million] people living with HIV.
An estimated 2 million [1.9–2.2 million] people were newly infected with the virus in 2014.
An estimated 34 million people have died from AIDS-related causes so far,
including 1.2 million [1.0–1.5 million] in 2014.
As a result of recent advances in access to antiretroviral therapy (ART),
HIV-positive people now live longer and healthier lives.
In addition,
it has been confirmed that ART prevents onward transmission of HIV.
Infection results in the progressive deterioration of the immune system,
breaking down the body's ability to fend off some infections and other diseases.
AIDS refers to the most advanced stages of HIV infection,
defined by the occurrence of any of more than 20 opportunistic infections or related cancers.
Although musculoskeletal abnormalities in patients with HIV are not as common as Central Nervous System and pulmonary disorders a wide variety of osseous,
articular and soft tissues diseases may be encountered.
In this poster we review a wide spectrum of musculoskeletal disorders and their imaging appearances in patients with AIDS.
Many of these are not specific of HIV infection and can be seen in other forms of immunosuppression but other are specific of this particular immunodefficiency.