Learning objectives
To provide an overview of the Sarcopenia and its clinical implications.
To discuss the role of various imaging modalities which are useful in the evaluation of sarcopenia.
Background
What is Sarcopenia?
Sarcopenia is a condition where reduced muscle mass can lead to decline in physical ability. The most widely accepted definition is from the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in older people (EWGSOP) that was created in 2010 [1,2].
Sarcopenia is usually age-related (geriatric patients), but can occur prematurely due to severe, chronic illnesses (such as cancer, stroke etc) . Other causes of sarcopenia includes inactivity and malabsorption (fig. 1)[Fig 1]. Sarcopenia not only diminishes the quality of life itself but also increases...
Imaging findings OR Procedure details
Analysis of muscle mass:
Analysis of muscle mass is important in diagnosis of sarcopenia[4].
These can be assessed by:
Non-imaging technique such as bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) which calculates muscle mass and fat mass. However errors are not uncommon due to hydration, exercise or nutrition status.
Imaging techniques. These are reliable in assessment and quantification of muscle or fat mass. They are not only useful in diagnosis but also for follow up after initiative corrective measures or appropriate treatment. The various modalities, advantages and disadvantages...
Conclusion
The importance of diagnosis and clinical impact of sarcopenia is well recognized. Imaging helps in quantification of the muscle mass. DEXA is the most popular tool and the role of CT and MRI is evolving. Ultrasonography appears to be a promising tool in quick evaluation. There is still lack of standardization in various ethnic populations and age groups, and lot of research is still needed. Radiologists should be aware of the condition (sarcopenia) and their role in guiding the clinicians in choosing the right modality...
References
Chianca V, Albano D, Messina C, Gitto S, Ruffo G, Guarino S, Del Grande F, Sconfienza LM. Sarcopenia: imaging assessment and clinical application. Abdom Radiol (NY). 2022 Sep;47(9):3205-3216(1)
Boutin RD, Yao L, Canter RJ, Lenchik L. Sarcopenia: Current Concepts and Imaging Implications. American Journal of Roentgenology. 2015 Sep 1;205(3):W255–66.
Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Bahat G, Bauer J, Boirie Y, Bruyère O, Cederholm T, Cooper C, Landi F, Rolland Y, Sayer AA, Schneider SM, Sieber CC, Topinkova E, Vandewoude M, Visser M, Zamboni M; Writing Group for the...