1. https://www.myesr.org/article/1869
2. Mettler FA, Mahesh M, Chatfield MB, Elee JG, Milano MT, Royal HD, Chambers CE, Frush DP, Miller DL, Spelic DC and Technical Advisors (November 2019). NCRP Report from SC4-9 Medical Exposures of Patients in the United States
3. Magnusson, Wolfgang. “A Device for the Protection of the Testicle in Roentgen Examinations of Adjacent Organs and Bones.” Acta Radiologica 1952; 37 (3–4):288–90
4. Abram E, Wilkinson DM, Hodson CJ. Gonadal protection from X radiation for the female. Br J Radiol 1958; 31(366):335-6
5. Adran GM, Kemp FH. Protection of the male gonads in diagnostic procedures. Br J Radiol 1957 May; 30 (353):280
6. Handloser JS, Love RA. Radiation Doses from Diagnostic Studies. Radiology 1951; 57: 252-254
7. Billings MS, Norman A, Greenfield MA. Gonad Dose During Routine Roentgenography 1957; 69: 37-41
8. FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL. 41, NO. 143— FRIDAY, JULY 23, 1976
9. Marsh RM, Silosky M. Patient shielding in diagnostic imaging: discontinuing a legacy practice AJR 2019; 212:755-757
10. Advanced Health Education Center. What would you do? Stop shielding your patients? Advanced Health Education Center Online website. https://aheconline.blog/2018/01/15/what-would-you-do-stop-shielding-your-patients/. Published January 15, 2018. Last accessed January 2, 2020
11. Kaplan SL, Magill D, Felice MA, et al. Female gonadal shielding with automatic exposure control increases radiation risks. Pediatric Radiology 48 (2):227–34
12. Frantzen MJ, Robben S, Postma AA, et al. Gonad shielding in paediatric pelvic radiography: disadvantages prevail over benefit. Insights into Imaging 2012; 3 (1):23–32
13. Lee MC, Lloyd J, Solomito MJ. Poor utility of gonadal shielding for pediatric pelvic radiographs. Orthopedics 2017; 40:e623–e627
14. Bardo DME, Black M, Schenk K, Zaritzky MF. Location of the ovaries in girls from newborn to 18 years of age: reconsidering ovarian shielding. Pediatr Radiol 2009; 39:253–259
15. Fawcett SL, Gomez AC, Barter SJ, Ditchfield M, Set P. More Harm than Good? The Anatomy of Misguided Shielding of the Ovaries. The British Journal of Radiology 2012; 85 (1016): e442–47
16. Karami, Vahid, Mansour Zabihzadeh, Nasim Shams, and Amal Saki Malehi. “Gonad Shielding during Pelvic Radiography: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Archives of Iranian Medicine 2017; 20(2):113-23
17. https://www.aapm.org/org/policies/documents/CARES_FAQs_Patient_Shielding.pdf last accessed January 2, 2020
18. https://www.aapm.org/org/policies/details.asp?id=468&type=PP last accessed January 2, 2020
19. Strauss KJ, Gingold EL, Frush DP (2017) Reconsidering the value of gonadal shielding during abdominal/pelvic radiography. J Am Coll Radiol 14(12):1635-1636.
20. Perez M, Frush DP, Miller D, et al. Expert Working Group. Communicating radiation risks in pediatric imaging. WHO April 2016 at: https://www.who.int/ionizing_radiation/pub_meet/radiation-risks-paediatric-imaging/en/ last accessed January 3, 2020