Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is characterized by pregnancy complications, recurrent arterial and venous thrombosis affecting one or more organs and tissues and presence of circulating antiphospholipid antibodies (aPA). Central nervous system (CNS) involvement in APS is highly prevalent, and the most frequent radiological pattern described is the presence of white matter lesions in brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Small vessel brain injury includes different clinical manifestations such as memory loss, progressive cognitive impairment and a history of migraine headache. Presently, the diagnostic criteria for APS includes...

We retrospectively reviewed MRI brain images of 23 patients: 13 patients with cerebral APS selected from a series of 60 APS patients in our Center, and 10 patients with SN-APS. The first group comprised 13 patients (77% women and 23% men, the mean age was 47,23 years old) who fulfilled the APS criteria, had CNS signs and had undergone a cerebral MRI. The second group included 10 patients (80% women and 20% men with a mean age of 50,1 years old) classified as SN-APS. These...

In the APS group, all patients had more than six supratentorial lesions in the white matter, and 38% presented with Fazekas 2 or higher (Fig. 4andFig. 5). 46% of the patients had infratentorial lesions (Fig. 6). The corpus callosum was affected in 30% of the studies. 69% of the patients had cerebral atrophy signs, and 44% of these had parietal atrophy predominantly (Fig. 7). Grey matter lesions were seen in two patients (15%), acute/subacute infarcts in two patients (15%) and old geographic infarcts in one...

Cerebral involvement in APS can manifest in different ways, and the small vessel injury may be the only finding in MRI. We have identified a MRI pattern strongly associated with both APS and SN-APS groups, defined by more than 6 supratentorial lesions and Fazekas scale graded as 2 or more. These findings are not common in healthy patients within the studied age group; therefore we strongly believe that this pattern could be useful for the diagnosis of SN-APS cases but further studies should be carried...

Jose Luis Rodriguez-Garcia, Maria Laura Bertolaccini, Maria Jose Cuadrado, Giovanni Sanna, Oier Ateka-Barrutia, Munther A. Khamashta. Clinical manifestations of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) with and without antiphospholipid antibodies (the so-called 'seronegative APS'). Ann Rheum Dis 2012;71:242-244 Luisa Suárez Álvarez, Graham R. V. Hugues, Munther A. Khamashta. Manifestaciones neurológicas en el síndrome antifosfolipídico. Med Clín (Barc). 2005;124(16):630-3 J.L. Rodríguez García, M.A. Khamashta. Clinical advances of interest in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with antiphospholipid syndrome. Rev Clin Esp. 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rce.2012.04.003 Zakera Shums, Munther Khamashta,Navid Zohoury,Chandani McIntire,MariaLauraBertolaccini,Jose‐Luis...