Learning objectives
The purpose of our educational exhibit is to:
1.
illustrate the normal anatomy and normal ultrasound appearance of elbow;
2.
describe a systematic technique (easy to follow check-list protocol) for evaluation of anatomical structures;
3.
introduce practical “tips and hints” that will make highly diagnostic images easier to obtain.
Background
Musculoskeletal ultrasound shows many advantages over other imaging modalities: capability to perform a dynamic assessment of musculoskeletal elements,
ultrasonography is safe,
cost effective,
highly accepted by patients,
available,
and has excellent and multiplanar capability to visualize superficial soft tissue structures.
Well-performed elbow ultrasound provides detailed informations about joint effusions,
medial and lateral epicondylitis,
tears of the distal biceps and triceps tendons,
radial and ulnar collateral ligament tears,
ulnar nerve entrapment,
cubital or olecranon bursitis and intra-articular loose bodies.
But the first step should always be...
Findings and procedure details
To make the scanning technique of the elbow joint easier to remember it is devided into 4 main parts:
1.
assessment of anterior aspect of the elbow
2.
assessment of medial aspect of the elbow
3.
assessment of lateral aspect of the elbow
4.
assessment of posterior aspect of the elbow.
1.assessment ofanterior aspect of the elbow
Following anatomical structures should be identified and evaluated:
•Distal biceps tendon
•Anterior coronoid recess (with anterior fat pad)
•Radial nerve (and its deep branch)
•Median nerve
Identify and...
Conclusion
1.
Knowledge and understanding of anatomy is essential for scanning the elbow accurately and efficiently.
2.
Easy to follow check-list protocol with highly detailed anatomical schemes can be a useful tool in everyday practice of radiologists.
References
1.Beggs I,
Bianchi S,
Bueno A,
Cohen M,
Court-Payen M,
Grainger A,
Kainberger F,
Klauser A,
Martinoli C,
McNally E,
O'Connor PJ,
Peetrons P,
Reijnierse M,
Remplik P,
Silvestri E.
Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Technical Guidelines.
European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology.
2.Bianchi S,
Martinoli C.
Ultrasound of the musculoskeletal system.
Springer 2007.
3.
Van Holsbeeck M,
Introcaso J.
Musculoskeletal Ultrasound 2nd ed.
Mosby,
2000.
4.
McNally E.
Practical Musculoskeletal Ultrasound.
Elsevier,
2004.
5.
Bradley M,
O'Donnell P.
Atlas of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Anatomy.
Cambridge University Press,
2002.