Our educational exhibit aims to outline: The aetiology and appearance of different neck masses in the paediatric population. The use of different imaging modalities in differentiating between diverse neck masses. Testing knowledge regarding common and uncommon neck masses in children

A wide spectrum of pathologies can present as neck masses in children. The nature of the lump, whether it is painful or not, its consistency and anatomical boundaries, help in formulating a differential diagnosis. The integration of multiple imaging modalities is often necessary to narrow the differential diagnosis. Unlike in adults, many neck masses in children are congenital and/or benign lesions, with neoplastic lesions being less likely. However, neck masses, being palpable and often clinically apparent can be a source of concern for parents and...

CASE NUMBER: 1 8 year old girl with a central neck mass, which moves up on tongue protrusion Questions: What is the differential diagnosis of a midline neck mass in a child? What is the most likely diagnosis? Why is it important to look for thyroid tissue in such patients? Diagnosis: THYROGLOSSAL DUCT CYST Answers: The differential diagnosis includes a thyroglossal duct cyst, dermoid cyst, plunging ranula, branchial cleft cyst, obstructed laryngocoele and ectopic thyroid tissue. The most likely diagnosis of a midline neck mass...

The importance of familiarity with common paediatric neck masses helps to narrow the differential and plan imaging accordingly when these are encountered clinically. Certain imaging modalities are better suited for particular pathologies, as noted in the cases above. Ultrasound is a great diagnostic tool to obtain real-time images with minimal patient discomfort. The use of cross-sectional imaging, namely CT and MRI in children is steadily increasing. Although one should always strive to avoid ionizing radiation, in acute and / or atypical cases, judicious use of...

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