Learning objectives
1.
To know the normal development of bones in the child's hand
2.
To identify the main anatomical variants
3.
To know the endocrinological development diseases
4.
To establish an order for the best interpretation
5.
To master the different imaging methods for diagnosis
Background
Age can be defined in several ways: bone age,
morphological age,
age at development of secondary sexual characteristics,
age at menarche and dental age.
These parameters have all been described as means to define physiological age,
during pediatric age there are several factors that have an impact on the development and proper growth of a child,
therefore,
chronological age is not necessarily indicative of the degree of biological maturation.
So far,
the only accepted indicator of maturation,
valid from birth to maturity,
is bone age....
Findings and procedure details
The bones in the hand and wrist are the most suitable indicators of skeletal maturity during the different phases of postnatal development.
In the majority of healthy children,
there is an established sequence of ossification for the carpal,
metacarpal and phalangeal bones,
which is remarkably constant and the same for both sexes (Table 1 and Table 2).
The bone ossified from the primary center is the diaphysis,
while the bone ossified from the secondary center is the epiphysis.
As the secondary center is progressively ossified,...
Conclusion
Bone age plays an important role in the determination of biological age from infancy to before adulthood.
There are factors,
genetic,
ethnic,
family,
environmental that determine it,
as well as pathologies that alter it.
It is important to know that depending on the age group we can choose the type of study that will determine the bone age with greater specificity.
The most updated method since 1950´s is that of Greulich and Pyle,
as well as the most recent electronic versions.
Personal information
Name: Paulette Mariette Dautt Medina.
Institution:ABC Medical Center
Email:
[email protected]
References
1.- Girdany BR,
Golden R.
Centers of ossification of the skeletion.
The American journal of roentgenology,
radium therapy and nuclear medicine 1952; 68(6): 922-942.
2.- Greulich WW,
Pyle SI.
Radiographic atlas of skeletal development of the hand and wrist.
Stanford Univ Pr; 1959.
3.- Hacquebord JH and Leopold SS.
In Brief: The Risser Classification: A Classic Tool for the Clinician Treating Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis. Clin Orthop Relat Res.
2012 Aug; 470(8): 2335–2338.
4.- Miyazaki CS,
Maranho DA,
Agnollitto PM,
Nogueira-Barbosa MH.
Study of secondary ossification...