Learning objectives
The aim of this review is to characterize the imagenologic findings of intrauterine devices misplaced,
migration and the possible secondary complications.
Background
Intra uterine devices (IUDs) are a long term reversible,
local and relatively safe contraceptive method. These devices are especially useful in patients that have contraindications for oral estrogen use contraceptives.
The use of contraception has risen in most parts of the world,
especially in Asia and Latin America.
In fact,
IUDs are the major form of long term reversible contraception used in the whole world due to its cost - effectiveness (1).
In Chile,
our country,
the use rate of any contraceptive method by the...
Findings and procedure details
Signs of normal IUD position
Ultrasound (US) has an important role in IUDs evaluation and has been used for intrauterine since early 1970s.
Usually vaginal probes are preferred.
The accuracy of the US to verify the presence of IUDs is of 90-100%.
Cupper IUDs are easier to detect in US than levonorgestrel releasing IUDs.
With the US,
it is possible to observe the proximal and the distal end detecting the fundal position of the IUD.
Other imaging technics like radiography,
MDCT and MRI are useful...
Conclusion
Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are the most widely used method of reversible contraception in the world.
Imaging studies play a key role to confirm the proper position of the device and to detect complications.
Uterine perforation and device migration are infrequent,
and most patients are asymptomatic.
Severe complications are rare,
and include peritonitis,
bowel obstruction and perforation,
bladder stone formation and obstructive nehropathy. MDCT is the study of choice for the detection of IUDs complications.
References
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Kaislasuo J,
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Lahteenmaki P,
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Uterine perforation caused by intrauterine devices: clinical course and treatment.
Hum Reprod.
2013 Jun 1;28(6):1546–51.
2.
Bahrami S,
Chow D,
Kadell B.
Thoracic and Abdominal Devices Radiologists Should Recognize: Pictorial Review.
Am J Roentgenol.
2009 Dec;193(6_supplement):S106–18.
3.
Peri N,
Graham D,
Levine D.
Imaging of intrauterine contraceptive devices.
J Ultrasound Med Off J Am Inst Ultrasound Med.
2007 Oct;26(10):1389–401.
4.
Boortz HE,
Margolis DJA,
Ragavendra N,
Patel MK,
Kadell BM.
Migration of Intrauterine Devices:...