Learning objectives
Provide a guide for the young radiologist ( UL) in urolithiasis imaging.
Background
UL is a universal problem with a high rate of recurrence.
Imaging has evolved over the years with CT considered gold standard.
Findings and procedure details
UL is a universal problem with a high rate of recurrence.
Imaging has evolved over the years with CT considered gold standard.
Results
During US,
ecoghenic sinusal foci are common and the YR faces the dilemma “ Stones ?”.
A systematic approach helps with inevitable difficulties along the way.
There are common sites for stones impaction with different symptoms,
the ureteropelvic junction (UPJ),
the ureterovesical junction (UVJ) and near common iliac artery bifurcation.
Stone location,
size,
and composition must be reported.
Incorrect CT parameters may...
Conclusion
Knowledge and systematic approach facilitates decision making and lowers error probability of the YR facing UL
References
1. Bellin MF,
Renard-Penna R,
Conort P,
et al.
Hel- ical CT evaluation of the chemical composition of urinary tract calculi with a discriminant analy- sis of CT-attenuation values and density.
Eur Ra- diol 2004;14(11):2134–2140.
2. Kim SC,
Burns EK,
Lingeman JE,
Paterson RF,
McAteer JA,
Williams JC Jr.
Cystine calculi: cor- relation of CT-visible structure,
CT number,
and stone morphology with fragmentation by shock wave lithotripsy.
Urol Res 2007;35(6):319–324.
3. Mostafavi MR,
Ernst RD,
Saltzman B.
Accurate determination of chemical composition of urinary calculi...