The gold standard for coronary venous system (CVS) imaging is retrograde coronary venography from the coronary sinus. Late-phase coronary angiography, cardiac multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT), and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are also used in CVS imaging. Cardiac MDCT studies are valuable diagnostically in coronary artery and venous imaging because of their high temporal and spatial resolution. In routine cardiac MDCT, the contrast is timed according to the arterial system view. Coronary artery disease is a common pathology with high mortality rates. Arterial variants have...

The study included 1650 adults undergoing routine cardiac MDCT angiography between 2008 and 2014. The case images were reviewed retrospectively for MB and CVS variants. The system used was a 64-detector row Toshiba Multi-slice Aquilion 64 (Toshiba Medical Systems, Otawara, Japan) with an electrocardiograph-triggered standard cardiac CT imaging protocol. The study reviewed 143 out of 213 reported MB cases with available images in the archive system. Of these, 76 patients had insufficient venous system review and 24 cases with heart surgery history were excluded from...

The coronary sinus, middle cardiac vein, and great cardiac vein were seen in all 43 patients. A posterior cardiac vein was seen in 40 patients (93%), anterior interventricular vein in 38 (83%), left marginal vein in 31 (72%), small cardiac vein in 11 (25%), and Marshall vein in 2 (4%) patients. A Thebesian valve was viewed in 13 (30%) patients at the coronary sinus exit; no closure of up to half of the lumen was diagnosed. There were no significant differences between MB presence and...

The left common cardinal vein develops in the fourth week of gestation, first towards the left sinus venosus and then into the coronary sinus. The right sinus venosus joins the right atrium wall. Coronary sinus development is completed towards the eighth week of gestation. The CVS is usually located in the posterior atrioventricular groove. The anterior interventricular vein begins from the left ventricle anteriorly. It is called the great cardiac vein when it turns towards the posterior heart. It continues as the coronary sinus posteroinferior...

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