ECR 2014 / C-1397
The Nervous Liver: Neurological complications associated with Cirrhosis & Liver Transplantation
This poster is published under an
open license. Please read the
disclaimer for further details.
Type:
Educational Exhibit
Keywords:
Transplantation, Metabolic disorders, Education and training, Education, MR-Diffusion/Perfusion, MR, CT, CNS
Authors:
A. Arora, A. Mukund, S. Rajesh, Y. Patidar, S. K. Sarin; New Delhi/IN
DOI:
10.1594/ecr2014/C-1397
References
- Lewis M,
Howdle PD.
The neurology of liver failure.
QJM.
2003 Sep;96(9):623-33.
- Ardizzone G,
Arrigo A,
Schellino MM,
Stratta C,
Valzan S,
Skurzak S,
Andruetto P,
Panio A,
Ballaris MA,
Lavezzo B,
Salizzoni M,
Cerutti E.
Neurological complications of liver cirrhosis and orthotopic liver transplant.
Transplant Proc.
2006 Apr;38(3):789-92.
- Bajaj JS,
Wade JB,
Sanyal AJ.
Spectrum of neurocognitive impairment in cirrhosis: Implications for the assessment of hepatic encephalopathy.
Hepatology.
2009 Dec;50(6):2014-21.
doi: 10.1002/hep.23216.
- Jones EA,
Weissenborn K.
Neurology and the liver.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry.
1997 Sep;63(3):279-93.
- Butterworth RF.
The liver-brain axis in liver failure: neuroinflammation and encephalopathy.
Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol.
2013 Sep;10(9):522-8.
doi: 10.1038/nrgastro.2013.99.
- Weissenborn K,
Bokemeyer M,
Krause J,
Ennen J,
Ahl B.
Neurological and neuropsychiatric syndromes associated with liver disease.
AIDS.
2005 Oct;19 Suppl 3:S93-8.
- Das K,
Singh P,
Chawla Y,
Duseja A,
Dhiman RK,
Suri S.
Magnetic resonance imaging of brain in patients with cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic portal hypertension.
Dig Dis Sci.
2008 Oct;53(10):2793-8.
doi: 10.1007/s10620-008-0383-y.
- Genovese E,
Maghnie M,
Maggiore G,
Tinelli C,
Lizzoli F,
De Giacomo C,
Pozza S,
Campani R.
MR imaging of CNS involvement in children affected by chronic liver disease.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol.
2000 May;21(5):845-51.
- Vymazal J,
Babis M,
Brooks RA,
Filip K,
Dezortova M,
Hrncarkova H,
Hajek M.
T1and T2 alterations in the brains of patients with hepatic cirrhosis.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol.
1996 Feb;17(2):333-6.
- Morgan MY.
Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging in patients with chronic liver disease.
Metab Brain Dis.
1998 Dec;13(4):273-90.
- Morgan MY.
Noninvasive neuroinvestigation in liver disease.
Semin Liver Dis.
1996 Aug;16(3):293-314.
- Layrargues GP,
Rose C,
Spahr L,
Zayed J,
Normandin L,
Butterworth RF.
Role of manganese in the pathogenesis of portal-systemic encephalopathy.
Metab Brain Dis.
1998 Dec;13(4):311-7.
- Skehan S,
Norris S,
Hegarty J,
Owens A,
MacErlaine D.
Brain MRI changes in chronic liver disease.
Eur Radiol.
1997;7(6):905-9.
- Zeneroli ML,
Cioni G,
Vezzelli C,
Grandi S,
Crisi G,
Luzietti R,
Ventura E.
Prevalence of brain atrophy in liver cirrhosis patients with chronic persistent encephalopathy.
Evaluation by computed tomography.
J Hepatol.
1987 Jun;4(3):283-92.
- Kulisevsky J,
Pujol J,
Junqué C,
Deus J,
Balanzó J,
Capdevila A.
MRI pallidal hyperintensity and brain atrophy in cirrhotic patients: two different MRI patterns of clinical deterioration? Neurology.
1993 Dec;43(12):2570-3.
- Amodio P,
Pellegrini A,
Amistà P,
Luise S,
Del Piccolo F,
Mapelli D,
Montagnese S,
Musto C,
Valenti P,
Gatta A.
Neuropsychological-neurophysiological alterations and brain atrophy in cirrhotic patients.
Metab Brain Dis.
2003 Mar;18(1):63-78.
- Rovira A,
Alonso J,
Córdoba J.
MR imaging findings in hepatic encephalopathy.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol.
2008 Oct;29(9):1612-21.
doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A1139.
- Toru S,
Matumura K,
Kawaguchi R,
Kobayashi T,
Irie T.
Widespread cortical lesions on diffusion-weighted imaging in acute portal systemic shunt encephalopathy caused by primary biliary cirrhosis.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol.
2011 Mar;32(3):E55-6.
doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A2466.
- Choi JM,
Kim YH,
Roh SY.
Acute hepatic encephalopathy presenting as cortical laminar necrosis: case report.
Korean J Radiol.
2013 Mar-Apr;14(2):324-8.
doi: 10.3348/kjr.2013.14.2.324.
- Takanashi J,
Barkovich AJ,
Cheng SF,
Kostiner D,
Baker JC,
Packman S.
Brain MR imaging in acute hyperammonemic encephalopathy arising from late-onset ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol.
2003 Mar;24(3):390-3.
- McKinney AM,
Lohman BD,
Sarikaya B,
Uhlmann E,
Spanbauer J,
Singewald T,
Brace JR.
Acute hepatic encephalopathy: diffusion-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery findings,
and correlation with plasma ammonia level and clinical outcome.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol.
2010 Sep;31(8):1471-9.
doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A2112.
- Arnold SM,
Els T,
Spreer J,
Schumacher M.
Acute hepatic encephalopathy with diffuse cortical lesions.
Neuroradiology.
2001 Jul;43(7):551-4.
- Fernández-Rodriguez R,
Contreras A,
De Villoria JG,
Grandas F.
Acquired hepatocerebral degeneration: clinical characteristics and MRI findings.
Eur J Neurol.
2010 Dec;17(12):1463-70.
doi: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2010.03076.x.
- Lee J,
Lacomis D,
Comu S,
Jacobsohn J,
Kanal E.
Acquired hepatocerebral degeneration: MR and pathologic findings.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol.
1998 Mar;19(3):485-7.
- Stracciari A,
Guarino M,
Pazzaglia P,
Marchesini G,
Pisi P.
Acquired hepatocerebral degeneration: full recovery after liver transplantation.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry.
2001 Jan;70(1):136-7.
- Wijdicks EF,
Wiesner RH.
Acquired (non-Wilsonian) hepatocerebral degeneration:complex management decisions.
Liver Transpl.
2003 Sep;9(9):993-4.
- Chen WX,
Wang P,
Yan SX,
Li YM,
Yu CH,
Jiang LL.
Acquired hepatocerebral degeneration: a case report.
World J Gastroenterol.
2005 Feb 7;11(5):764-6.
- Tryc AB,
Goldbecker A,
Berding G,
et al.
Cirrhosis-related Parkinsonism: prevalence,
mechanisms and response to treatments.
J Hepatol.
2013 Apr;58(4):698-705.
doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2012.11.043.
- da Rocha AJ,
Braga FT,
da Silva CJ,
Maia AC Jr,
Mourão GS,
Gagliardi RJ.
Reversal of parkinsonism and portosystemic encephalopathy following embolization of a congenital intrahepatic venous shunt: brain MR imaging and 1H spectroscopic findings.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol.
2004 Aug;25(7):1247-50.
- Shulman LM,
Minagar A,
Weiner WJ.
Reversal of parkinsonism following liver transplantation.
Neurology.
2003 Feb 11;60(3):519.
- Rose C,
Butterworth RF,
Zayed J,
et al.
Manganese deposition in basal ganglia structures results from both portal-systemic shunting and liver dysfunction.
Gastroenterology.
1999 Sep;117(3):640-4.
- Tuschl K,
Clayton PT,
Gospe SM Jr,
et al.
Dystonia/Parkinsonism,
Hypermanganesemia,
Polycythemia,
and Chronic Liver Disease.
2012 Aug 30 [Updated 2012 Nov 8].
In: Pagon RA,
Adam MP,
Bird TD,
et al.,
editors.
Gene Reviews™ [Internet].
Seattle (WA): University of Washington,
Seattle; 1993-2013.Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK100241/
- Quadri M,
Federico A,
Zhao T,
et al.
Mutations in SLC30A10 cause parkinsonism and dystonia with hypermanganesemia,
polycythemia,
and chronic liver disease.
Am J Hum Genet.
2012 Mar 9;90(3):467-77.
doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.01.017.
- Koo JE,
Lim YS,
Myung SJ,
Suh KS,
Kim KM,
Lee HC,
Chung YH,
Lee YS,
Suh DJ.
Hepatic myelopathy as a presenting neurological complication in patients with cirrhosis and spontaneous splenorenal shunt.
Korean J Hepatol.
2008 Mar;14(1):89-96.
doi: 10.3350/kjhep.2008.14.1.89.
- Premkumar M,
Bagchi A,
Kapoor N,
et al.
Hepatic Myelopathy in a Patient with Decompensated Alcoholic Cirrhosis and Portal Colopathy. Case Reports in Hepatology (2012),
Article ID 735906,
4 pages,
2012.
doi:10.1155/2012/735906.
- Sobukawa E,
Sakimura K,
Hoshino S,
Hoshino M,
Miyoshi K.
Hepatic myelopathy: an unusual neurological complication of advanced hepatic disease.
Intern Med.
1994 Nov;33(11):718-22.
- Ben Amor S,
Saied MZ,
Harzallah MS,
Benammou S.
Hepatic myelopathy with spastic paraparesis: report of two cases and review of the literature.
Eur Spine J.
2013 Jun 1.
[Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 23728397.
- Kori P,
Sahu R,
Jaiswal A,
Shukla R.
Hepatic myelopathy: an unusual neurological complication of chronic liver disease presenting as quadriparesis.
BMJ Case Rep.
2013 Jun 7;2013.
pii: bcr2013009078.
doi: 10.1136/bcr-2013-009078.
- Huang HH,
Lin HH,
Shih YL,
Chen PJ,
Chang WK,
Chu HC,
Chao YC,
Hsieh TY.
Spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage in cirrhotic patients.
Clin Neurol Neurosurg.
2008 Mar;110(3):253-8.
doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2007.11.010.
- Grønbaek H,
Johnsen SP,
Jepsen P,
Gislum M,
Vilstrup H,
Tage-Jensen U,
Sørensen HT.
Liver cirrhosis,
other liver diseases,
and risk of hospitalization for intracerebral haemorrhage: a Danish population-based case-control study.
BMC Gastroenterol.
2008 May 24;8:16.
doi: 10.1186/1471-230X-8-16.
- Lai CH,
Cheng PY,
Chen YY.
Liver cirrhosis and risk of intracerebral hemorrhage: a 9-year follow-up study.
Stroke.
2011 Sep;42(9):2615-7.
doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.617076.
- Boudouresques G,
Hauw JJ,
Meininger V,
Escourolle R,
Pertuiset B,
Buge A,
Lhermitte F,
Castaigne P.
Hepatic cirrhosis and intracranial hemorrhage: significance of the association in 53 pathological cases.
Ann Neurol.
1980 Aug;8(2):204-5.
- Niizuma H,
Suzuki J,
Yonemitsu T,
Otsuki T.
Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage and liver dysfunction.
Stroke.
1988 Jul;19(7):852-6.
- McCormick WF,
Rosenfield DB.
Massive brain hemorrhage: a review of 144 cases and an examination of their causes.
Stroke.
1973 Nov-Dec;4(6):946-54.
- Brann OS.
Infectious complications of cirrhosis.
Curr Gastroenterol Rep.
2001 Aug;3(4):285-92.
- Christou L,
Pappas G,
Falagas ME.
Bacterial infection-related morbidity and mortality in cirrhosis.
Am J Gastroenterol.
2007 Jul;102(7):1510-7.
- Ghassemi S,
Garcia-Tsao G.
Prevention and treatment of infections in patients with cirrhosis.
Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol.
2007;21(1):77-93.
- Vilstrup H.
Cirrhosis and bacterial infections.
Rom J Gastroenterol.
2003 Dec;12(4):297-302.
- Pauwels A,
Pinès E,
Abboura M,
Chiche I,
Lévy VG.
Bacterial meningitis in cirrhosis: review of 16 cases.
J Hepatol.
1997 Nov;27(5):830-4.
- Mølle I,
Thulstrup AM,
Svendsen N,
Schønheyder HC,
Sørensen HT.
Risk and case fatality rate of meningitis in patients with liver cirrhosis.
Scand J Infect Dis.
2000;32(4):407-10.
- Chung CL,
Lieu AS,
Chen IY,
Kwan AL,
Howng SL.
Brain abscess in adult cirrhotic patients: two case reports.
Kaohsiung J Med Sci.
2007 Jan;23(1):34-9.
- Guzel A,
Tatli M,
Aluclu U,
Yalcin K.
Intracranial multiple tuberculomas: 2 unusual cases.
Surg Neurol.
2005;64 Suppl 2:S109-12.
- Rabinstein AA.
Treatment of brain edema in acute liver failure.
Curr Treat Options Neurol.
2010 Mar;12(2):129-41.
doi: 10.1007/s11940-010-0062-0.
- Detry O,
De Roover A,
Honore P,
Meurisse M.
Brain edema and intracranial hypertension in fulminant hepatic failure: pathophysiology and management.
World J Gastroenterol.
2006 Dec 14;12(46):7405-12.
- Vaquero J,
Butterworth RF.
Mechanisms of brain edema in acute liver failure and impact of novel therapeutic interventions.
Neurol Res.
2007 Oct;29(7):683-90.
doi: 10.1179/016164107X240099.
- Thumburu KK,
Taneja S,
Vasishta RK,
Dhiman RK.
Neuropathology of acute liver failure.
Neurochem Int.
2012 Jun;60(7):672-5.
doi: 10.1016/j.neuint.2011.10.013.
- Ranjan P,
Mishra AM,
Kale R,
Saraswat VA,
Gupta RK.
Cytotoxic edema is responsible for raised intracranial pressure in fulminant hepatic failure: in vivo demonstration using diffusion-weighted MRI in human subjects.
Metab Brain Dis.
2005 Sep;20(3):181-92.
- Muñoz SJ,
Robinson M,
Northrup B,
Bell R,
Moritz M,
Jarrell B,
Martin P,
Maddrey WC.
Elevated intracranial pressure and computed tomography of the brain in fulminant hepatocellular failure.
Hepatology.
1991 Feb;13(2):209-12.
- Mukherjee KK,
Chhabra R,
Khosla VK.
Raised intracranial pressure in hepatic encephalopathy.
Indian J Gastroenterol.
2003 Dec;22 Suppl 2:S62-5.
- Charness ME.
Brain lesions in alcoholics.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res.
1993 Feb;17(1):2-11.
- Nicolás JM,
Fernández-Solà J,
Robert J,
Antúnez E,
Cofán M,
Cardenal C,
Sacanella E,
Estruch R,
Urbano-Márquez A.
High ethanol intake and malnutrition in alcoholic cerebellar shrinkage.
QJM.
2000 Jul;93(7):449-56.
- Nicolás JM,
Estruch R,
Salamero M,
Orteu N,
Fernandez-Solà J,
Sacanella E,
Urbano-Márquez A.
Brain impairment in well-nourished chronic alcoholics is related to ethanol intake.
Ann Neurol.
1997 May;41(5):590-8.
- Adams RD,
Victor M,
Mancall EL.
Central pontine myelinolysis: a hitherto undescribed disease occurring in alcoholic and malnourished patients.
AMA Arch Neurol Psychiatry.
1959 Feb;81(2):154-72.
- Martin RJ.
Central pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis: the osmotic demyelination syndromes.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry.
2004 Sep;75 Suppl 3:iii22-8.
- de Morais BS,
Carneiro FS,
Araújo Rde M,
Araújo GF,
de Oliveira RB.
Central pontine myelinolysis after liver transplantation: is sodium the only villain? Case report.
Rev Bras Anestesiol.
2009 May-Jun;59(3):344-9.
- Zuccoli G,
Siddiqui N,
Cravo I,
Bailey A,
Gallucci M,
Harper CG.
Neuroimaging findings in alcohol-related encephalopathies.
AJR Am J Roentgenol.
2010 Dec;195(6):1378-84.
doi: 10.2214/AJR.09.4130.
- Love S.
Demyelinating diseases.
J Clin Pathol.
2006 Nov;59(11):1151-9.
- Mechtcheriakov S,
Brenneis C,
Egger K,
Koppelstaetter F,
Schocke M,
Marksteiner J.
A widespread distinct pattern of cerebral atrophy in patients with alcohol addiction revealed by voxel-based morphometry.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry.
2007 Jun;78(6):610-4.
- Ratti MT,
Soragna D,
Sibilla L,
Giardini A,
Albergati A,
Savoldi F,
Bo P.
Cognitive impairment and cerebral atrophy in "heavy drinkers".
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry.
1999 Feb;23(2):243-58.
- Chick JD,
Smith MA,
Engleman HM,
Kean DM,
Mander AJ,
Douglas RH,
Best JJ.
Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in alcoholics: cerebral atrophy,
lifetime alcohol consumption,
and cognitive deficits.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res.
1989 Aug;13(4):512-8.
- de la Monte SM,
Kril JJ.
Human alcohol-related neuropathology.
Acta Neuropathol.
2013 Dec 27.
[Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 24370929.
- Jaatinen P,
Rintala J.
Mechanisms of ethanol-induced degeneration in the developing,
mature,
and aging cerebellum.
Cerebellum.
2008;7(3):332-47.
doi: 10.1007/s12311-008-0034-z.
- Kim TJ,
Kim IO,
Kim WS,
Cheon JE,
Moon SG,
Kwon JW,
Seo JK,
Yeon KM.
MR imaging of the brain in Wilson disease of childhood: findings before and after treatment with clinical correlation.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol.
2006 Jun-Jul;27(6):1373-8.
- Shivakumar R,
Thomas SV.
Teaching NeuroImages: face of the giant panda and her cub: MRI correlates of Wilson disease.
Neurology.
2009 Mar 17;72(11):e50.
- Monaco S,
Ferrari S,
Gajofatto A,
Zanusso G,
Mariotto S.
HCV-related nervous system disorders.
Clin Dev Immunol.
2012;2012:236148.
doi: 10.1155/2012/236148.
- Carvalho-Filho RJ,
Narciso-Schiavon JL,
Tolentino LH,
Schiavon LL,
Ferraz ML,
Silva AE.
Central nervous system vasculitis and polyneuropathy as first manifestations of hepatitis C.
World J Gastroenterol.
2012 Jan 14;18(2):188-91.
doi: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i2.188.
- Sacconi S,
Salviati L,
Merelli E.
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis associated with hepatitis C virus infection.
Arch Neurol.
2001 Oct;58(10):1679-81.
- Sim JE,
Lee JB,
Cho YN,
Suh SH,
Kim JK,
Lee KY.
A case of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis associated with hepatitis C virus infection.
Yonsei Med J.
2012 Jul 1;53(4):856-8.
doi: 10.3349/ymj.2012.53.4.856.
- Stübgen JP.
Immune-mediated myelitis associated with hepatitis virus infections.
J Neuroimmunol.
2011 Oct 28;239(1-2):21-7.
doi: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2011.09.001
- Vizzini G,
Asaro M,
Miraglia R,
et al.
Changing picture of central nervous system complications in liver transplant recipients.
Liver Transpl.
2011 Nov;17(11):1279-85.
doi: 10.1002/lt.22383.
- Saner FH,
Gensicke J,
Olde Damink SW,
et al.
Neurologic complications in adult living donor liver transplant patients: an underestimated factor? J Neurol.
2010 Feb;257(2):253-8.
doi: 10.1007/s00415-009-5303-3.
- Cruz RJ Jr,
DiMartini A,
Akhavanheidari M,
et al.
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in liver transplant patients: clinical presentation,
risk factors and initial management.
Am J Transplant.
2012 Aug;12(8):2228-36.
doi: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2012.04048.x.
- Santos MM,
Tannuri AC,
Gibelli NE,
et al.
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome after liver transplantation in children: a rare complication related to calcineurin inhibitor effects.
Pediatr Transplant.
2011 Mar;15(2):157-60.
doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3046.2010.01430.x.
- Umeda Y,
Matsuda H,
Sadamori H,
Shinoura S,
Yoshida R,
Sato D,
Utsumi M,
Yagi T,
Fujiwara T.
Leukoencephalopathy syndrome after living-donor liver transplantation.
Exp Clin Transplant.
2011 Apr;9(2):139-44.
- Schuuring J,
Wesseling P,
Verrips A.
Severe tacrolimus leukoencephalopathy after liver transplantation.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol.
2003 Nov-Dec;24(10):2085-8.
- Frühauf NR,
Koeppen Dagger S,
Saner FH,
Egelhof Dagger T,
Stavrou G,
Nadalin S,
Broelsch CE.
Late onset of tacrolimus-related posterior leukoencephalopathy after living donor liver transplantation.
Liver Transpl.
2003 Sep;9(9):983-5.
- Singh N,
Bonham A,
Fukui M.
Immunosuppressive-associated leukoencephalopathy in organ transplant recipients.
Transplantation.
2000 Feb 27;69(4):467-72.
- Lima MA,
Hanto DW,
Curry MP,
Wong MT,
Dang X,
Koralnik IJ.
Atypical radiological presentation of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy following liver transplantation.
J Neurovirol.
2005 Feb;11(1):46-50.
- Verhelst X,
Vanhooren G,
Vanopdenbosch L,
Casselman J,
Laleman W,
Pirenne J,
Nevens F,
Orlent H.
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in liver transplant recipients: a case report and review of the literature.
Transpl Int.
2011 Apr;24(4):e30-4.
doi: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.2010.01190.x.
- Mohanty SR,
Testa G,
Labrecque DR,
Mitros FA.
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy with peripheral demyelinating neuropathy in a liver transplant patient.
Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y).
2007 Jan;3(1):70-3.
- Bronster DJ,
Lidov MW,
Wolfe D,
Schwartz ME,
Miller CM.
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after orthotopic liver transplantation.
Liver Transpl Surg.
1995 Nov;1(6):371-2.
- Zivković SA.
Neurologic complications after liver transplantation.
World J Hepatol.
2013 Aug 27;5(8):409-16.
doi: 10.4254/wjh.v5.i8.409.
- Guarino M,
Benito-Leon J,
Decruyenaere J,
et al.
Neurological problems in liver transplantation.
In: Gilhus NE,
Barnes MP,
Brainin M,
editor(s).
European handbook of neurological management.
2nd ed.
Vol.
1.
Oxford (UK): Wiley-Blackwell; 2011.
p.
491-9.
- Dhar R,
Human T.
Central nervous system complications after transplantation.
Neurol Clin.
2011 Nov;29(4):943-72.
doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2011.07.002.