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Type:
Educational Exhibit
Keywords:
Education and training, Oedema, Acute, Localisation, Education, Digital radiography, CT-High Resolution, CT, Trauma, Thorax, Respiratory system
Authors:
M. Cristian; Turda/RO
DOI:
10.1594/ecr2016/C-1683
Background
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is basically a clinical situation suggested by an abrupt-onset dyspnea,
hypoxemia that is refractory to oxygen therapy and diffuse pulmonary infiltrates.
Disorders associated with ARDS ehibit either direct lung injuries (e.g.
drowning,
lung contusion,
pneumonia),
or indirect lung injuries (e.g.
severe trauma,
shock,
sepsis).
The diagnostic criteria are:
- acute onset (<7 days)
- PaO2/FiO2 < 200 mmHg
- diffuse,
bilateral pulmonary infiltrates on frontal radiograph
- absence of left atrial hypertension
ARDS has three stages: exudative stage with interstitial edema and hyaline membrane formation,
proliferative stage with organisation of fibrinous exudate and thickening of alveolar septae,
and fibrotic stage with fibrosis and pulmonary cyst formation.
Pathophysiology reveals compromised vascular endothelium or alveolar epithelium with secondary alveolar flooding.
These findings do not normally correlate with imaging studies.
Mortality is up to 50 % high.