Keywords:
Breast, Mammography, Ultrasound, Diagnostic procedure, Education, Education and training, Cancer, Neoplasia
Authors:
B. Lannegrand Menéndez, C. Alvarez Sánchez, M. Montes Fernández, M. J. Ciudad Fernandez; Madrid/ES
DOI:
10.1594/ecr2018/C-1998
Aims and objectives
At birth,
the breast tissue is identical between the two sexes,
however the hormonal influence during the puberty is the cause of later differentiations.
In the male,
during the prepuberal period,
there is a testosterone increase that induces involution and atrophy of the ducts (1).
Male breast is constituted of skin,
subcutaneous fat,
stroma,
glands,
neurovascular estructures and lymphatic vessels (2).
Fig. 2
Therefore,
breast alterations related to lobular proliferation are extremely rare in men.
Such alterations could be fibroadenoma,
phyllodes tumour,
invasive lobular carcinoma,
and lobular carcinoma in situ.
However,
conditions related to ductal and stromal proliferation,
such as gynecomastia,
ductal carcinoma in situ,
invasive ductal carcinoma and papillary neoplasm can occur in men (3).
In this work we analyse,
describe and provide the key to understanding the differential diagnosis of male breast pathology based on our images database.