Type:
Educational Exhibit
Keywords:
MR, Neuroradiology brain, CNS, Imaging sequences, Education and training
Authors:
T. Tsochatzis1, G. Velonakis1, P. Toulas2, M. A. Papathanasiou1, E. Karavasilis1, V. Pantoleon1, I. Pantou1, E. Martzoukos3, N. L. Kelekis1; 1Athens/GR, 2Pallini/GR, 3Maroussi/GR
DOI:
10.26044/ecr2019/C-2501
Background
Parkinson disease (PD) is a multisystem neurodegenerative disorder affecting diverse neural pathways and several neurotransmitter circuits [1].
PD is characterized by bradykinesia,
shuffling gait,
rigidity and involuntary tremors.
Dementia,
when occurs,
is a late phenomenon [2].
PD is a synucleinopathy.
The term “Parkinson plus syndrome” (Pps) refers to the combination of PD with other clinical symptoms.
Pps include multiple system atrophy (MSA),
progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal degeneration (CBD) [3].
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) includes three subtypes MSA-P,
MSA-C,
and MSA-A.
MSA-P displays more extrapyramidal (parkinsonian) features,
whereas cerebellar symptoms predominate in MSA-C.
Sings of autonomic failure predominate in the third subtype (MSA-A).
MSA-P,
MSA-C and MSA-A were previously known as Striatonigral degeneration,
Olivopontocerebellar atrophy,
and Shy-Drager syndrome respectively [1,4].
Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by supranuclear gaze palsy,
postural instability and mild dementia.
It is a tauopathy and it is also called Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome [5].
Corticobasal degeneration (CBD) is an uncommon sporadic neurodegenerative and dementing disorder.
CBD is a tauopathy demonstrated with postural instability,
dystonia,
myoclonus,
akinesia,
apraxia,
bradykinesia and limb rigidity [6].
Magnetic resonance imaging is one of the most widely used neuroimaging techniques for the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases.
Typical imaging findings may help distinguish among disorders that have overlapping clinical presentations.