1.
Beebe-Dimmer JL,
Pfeifer JR,
Engle JS,
Schottenfeld D.
The epidemiology of chronic venous insufficiency and varicose veins.
Ann Epidemiol 2005;15:175e84.
2.
Robertson L,
Evans C,
Fowkes FG.
Epidemiology of chronic venous disease.
Phlebology 2008;23:103e11.
3.
Van den Oever R,
Hepp B,
Debbaut B,
Simon I.
Socio-economic impact of chronic venous insufficiency.
An underestimated public health problem.
Int Angiol 1998;17:161e7.
4.
Bradbury A,
Evans C,
Allan P,
Lee A,
Ruckley CV,
Fowkes FG.What are the symptoms of varicose veins? Edinburgh vein study cross sectional population survey.
Br Med J 1999;318:353e6.
5.
Darvall KA,
Bate GR,
Adam DJ,
Bradbury AW.
Generic healthrelated quality of life is significantly worse in varicose vein patients with lower limb symptoms independent of CEAP clinical grade.
Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2012;44:341e4.
6.
Palfreyman SJ,
Drewery-Carter K,
Rigby K,
Michaels JA,
Tod AM.
Varicose veins: a qualitative study to explore expectations and reasons for seeking treatment.
J Clin Nurs 2004;13:332e40.
7.
Bradbury A,
Evans C,
Allan P,
Lee A,
Ruckley CV,
Fowkes FG.What are the symptoms of varicose veins? Edinburgh vein study cross sectional population survey.
Br Med J 1999;318:353e6.
8.
Chiesa R,
Marone EM,
Limoni C,
Volonte M,
Schaefer E,
Petrini O.
Chronic venous insufficiency in Italy: the 24-cities cohort study.
Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2005;30:422e9.
9.
Bergan JJ.
Conrad Jobst and the development of pressure gradient therapy for venous disease.
In: Bergan JJ,
Yao JST,
editors.
Surgery of the veins.
Orlando: Grune & Stratton; 1985.
p.
529e40.
10. Editor’s Choice e Management of Chronic Venous Disease Clinical Practice Guidelines of the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg (2015) 49,
678e737