Keywords:
Seizure disorders, Congenital, Calcifications / Calculi, Imaging sequences, Diagnostic procedure, Contrast agent-intravenous, MR, CT, Neuroradiology brain
Authors:
G. Berrada, H. El Mrabet, K. Charef, Z. Abbad El Andaloussi, S. El Manjra, S. lezar, M. P. F. Essodegui; Casablanca/MA
DOI:
10.26044/ecr2019/C-3640
Methods and materials
14 patients were eligible to participate in a retrospective study from April 2014 to October 2018.
Mean patient age was 17 (range,
12-20).
The sex-ratio was 1,33.
The diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis (TS) was suspected by a triad of clinical features (Vogt triad): mental retardation,
epilepsy,
and adenoma sebaceum (facial angiofibroma).
Neurologic manifestations were present in approximately all of patients with TS and were the primary cause of morbidity and mortality.
Seizures were present in most of these patients and often begin in the first year of life as intractable infantile spasms.
Other manifestations include cognitive impairment (>50% of patients),
challenging behavioral problems,
and autism.
To assess the diagnosis,
neurologists have based on different criteria Fig. 1 .
Imaging was used to allow neurologists to confirm the diagnosis in cases with characteristic symptoms or skin lesions and to suspect TS in new cases without any clinical signs.
Imaging was used to not only in diagnosis but also in determining treatment.
All the patients underwent CT scan using a 16-slice machine and/or MRI using a 1,5-Tesla system.
CT protocol included a phase without injection and a post contrast phase after injection of 1.5 mL/kg of an iodinated contrast agent,
usually at a rate of 4–5 mL/sec with thin-section imaging (≤3 mm) and multi-planar reconstructed images.
MRI of brain included T1,
T2-weighted,
Flair,
diffusion and fat-suppressed T1 sequences with gadolinium-based contrast material.