All procedures were carried out on a biplane Philips AlluraClarity X-ray system (Philips, Best, The Netherlands). The program for cardiology procedures uses a digital image acquisition of 15 or 25 frames/s and the total filtration of the tube is 4.5 mm Al + 0.4 mm Cu in both digital image acquisition and fluoroscopy mode.

The PCXMC v.2.0 [4] module for cancer risk calculation was used together with detailed exam-specific dose-related information retrieved from RDSR, and patient descriptors (weight and height) retrieved from the hospital information system, to estimate cancer risks.

The study included 141 children (84 female, 57 male), with 56 children in the age group of 1 year (range:0.51 to 2.5 years) and 57 children in the age group of 5 years (range: 2.51 to 7.5 years). The subjects were children with congenital heart disease which underwent cardiac catheterizations, both diagnostic and interventional procedures, between 2013-2016.