Learning objectives
To discuss physical properties and other issues that influence head and neck (HN) ultrasonographic evaluation
To propose an ultrasonographic systematic approach to HN
To review anatomical landmarks of HN ultrasonography
To discuss tips,
tricks and traps of HN ultrasound
Background
Head and neck (HN) ultrasound isan invaluable tool in patients with head and neck disorders.
It is quick,
noninvasive,
does not involve ionizing radiation,
is reproducible and quite inexpensive.
The use of ultrasound improves diagnostic capabilities,
allows for accurate biopsies and decreases the time to diagnosis and treat patients,
while being painless.
It is important to acquire knowledge about ultrasound physical fundamentals and to understand the options and functions available on ultrasound,
in order to optimize the examination.
HN ultrasound isusually performed in patients presenting...
Findings and procedure details
The ultrasound study can be optimized considering the patient's position,
the probe type,
the amount of gel,
the ultrasound parameters,
and the knowledge of ultrasound HN anatomy.
1.
PatientPositioning
The examiner should be sufficiently comfortable to maintain his position during the examination.
In the supine position,
the head of the patient is in mild extension.
The base of the neck should not be covered.
A thin pillow should be at hand to place underneath the patient’s shoulders if the examination requires hyperextension of the neck....
Conclusion
HN ultrasound is one of the most difficult sonographic evaluations.
It should be performed by an experienced examiner.
There are certain anatomical structures that are important to recognize when performing head and neck ultrasound.
The mylohyoid and omohyoid muscles help dividing spaces.
The hyoid bone is an important guide in midline examination.
The relationship between cervical vessels,
salivary ducts and muscles is a useful guide to establish some diagnoses.
This poster proposes a systematic ultrasonographic approach of HN in seven steps.
Radiology residents should get...