Learning objectives
1- To review the ultrasound as well asMR imaging appearances of the most common peripheral neuropathies of the upper extremity with surgical correlation in some cases.
2- To discuss the pertinent anatomy and the most common sites and causes of nerve entrapment.
3- To address the clinicalfeatures of these conditions.
Background
The median,
radial,
and ulnar nerves of the upper limbs may be affected by various peripheral neuropathies.
Although clinical examination and electrophysiologic testing are the most common diagnostic tools,
in certain cases ultrasound and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and may provide key information about the exact anatomic location of a lesion or may be help narrow the differential diagnosis.
The selection of the imaging modality to be used for further work-up for peripheral neuropathies depends on the anatomic location of the abnormality,
local availability and...
Imaging findings OR Procedure Details
BRACHIAL PLEXUS
INTRODUCTION
Brachial plexus is the main sensory and motor innervation of the upper extremity.
It may be involved in a variety of traumatic and nontraumatic pathologies.
Brachial plexus injury (BPI) is the most severe nerve injury of the extremities,
resulting in functional impairment of the upper limb.
Various space-occupying lesions,
such as hematoma,
nerve sheath tumors,
benign tumors,
primary or secondary tumors of perineural spaces,
and various tumor variants (diffuse polyneuropathies) may involve the different elements of the brachial plexus.
Benign peripheral nerve...
Conclusion
A great variety of peripheral neuropathies affect the upper limbs and although clinical examination with electrophysiology studies remain the cornerstone of the diagnostic work-up,
in certain cases ultrasound and MR imaging may be establish the origins of the condition and provide important information for management or surgical planning.
References
Linda DD,
Harish S,
Stewart BG et al.
Multimodality Imaging of Peripheral Neuropathies of the Upper Limb and Brachial Plexus.
Radiographics 2010; 30 (5):1373-400.
Andreisek G,
Crook DW,
Burg D et al.
Peripheral Neuropathies of the Median,
Radial,
and Ulnar Nerves: MR Imaging Features,
Radiographics 2006; 26: 1267-1287.
Rangavajla G,
Mokarram N,
Massodzadehgan N et al.
Non-Invasive Imaging of Peripheral Nerves.
Cells Tissues Organs.
2014;200(1):69-77.
Kerasnoudis A,
Tsivigoulis G.
Nerve Ultrasound in Peripheral Neuropathies: A Review.J Neuroimaging.
2015 Jul-Aug;25(4):528-38.
Kwee RM,
Chhabra A,
Wang KC...
Personal Information
HOSPITAL DA RESTUARAÇÃO
RECIFE - PERNAMBUCO - BRAZIL
CENTRO DIAGNÓSTICO LUCILO ÁVILA Jr.
RECIFE - PERNAMBUCO - BRAZIL
AUTHORS
ADONIS MANZELLA MD,
MSc
[email protected]
CLÁUDIA FONTAN MD
DANIELA CRUZ MD
MARIANA VASCONCELOS MD
DIEGO SOUZA MD
ERICK CAVALCANTE MD
STERFFERSON MORAIS MD
FERNANDO HENRIQUE SOUZA MD
ANDRE AYALA,
MD