To improve confidence and diagnostic accuracy when reporting orbital and peri-orbital pathologyTo help to narrow a list of potential differential diagnosesTo demonstrate the clinical relevance of different radiological signs

Many radiologists are exposed to orbital pathology.The wide range of pathology and radiological findingsmay not beencountered on a frequent basis outside of specialist centres. Furthermore imaging findings can be complex and subtle.All of these factors can make diagnosis challenging.Moreover, literature to aid interpretation is sparse.This pictorial review displays matched clinical and radiological imagesfor a wide range of histological diagnoses.Reviewing clinical and radiological images in tandem allows improved diagnostic confidence,thus providing abetter understanding of the clinico-pathological process.

The following represent the best examples from a large collection of completely documented cases oforbital pathologies including rare and esoteric cases are displayed, withCT and MR images presented alongside clinical photographs.Inflammatory Conditions1. Thyroid Eye DiseaseAn immune mediated inflammatory process, with the inflammatory infiltrate consisting predominantly of lymphocytes and plasma cellsUsually presents in middle aged womenMost common in the context of Grave's disease.However may precede thyroid disease, present in euthyroid or hypothyroid patientsAcutephase - injection, chemosis, lid swellingChronic phase - proptosis, diplopia, lid lagOrder of muscle...

This pictorial review presents a unique way of learning the imaging features of the gamut of orbital and peri-orbital pathologies and as well asreinforcing the close relationship between clinical information and radiological signs.

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