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Type:
Educational Exhibit
Keywords:
Infection, Education, MR, CT, Urinary Tract / Bladder, Genital / Reproductive system male, Genital / Reproductive system female
Authors:
I. García de Eulate, C. Sánchez Rodríguez, I. Rubio Marco, C. Malafarina, R. Monreal, S. Cervantes, D. I. Rodriguez Cerezo; Pamplona/ES
DOI:
10.1594/ecr2015/C-1181
Background
The increasing prevalence of tuberculosis in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals in recent years,
makes this disease a topic of universal concern.
Tuberculosis has a variety of clinical and radiologic findings.
CT is specially useful in depicting genitourinary tuberculosis.
Diagnosis of GUTB (genitourinary tuberculosis) is often delayed owing to non-specific symptoms and insidious onset,
and because of its low prevalence in our continent until now.
Nevertheless,
the number of infected individuals is increasing over the world and GUTB is the second most common form of extra pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) after lymph node TB .
Tuberculosis may involve the genitourinary tract as a secondary site following hematogenous dissemination from the lungs but BCG intra vesical therapy has also to be considered in this context.
BCG is the attenuated strain of the bovine tuberculous bacterium and consists of living bacilli,
dead microorganisms and subcellular debris.
It maintains the immunological properties and antibiotic sensitivities of the parent strain.
Since it is an attenuated live culture preparation ,
it is known to be able to produce secondary effects not only locally but also systematically,
including genitourinary tract infection.
Intravesical installations of bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) have been shown to be effective treatment and prophylaxis against recurrent stages in superficial vesical tumors.
Many investigators believe that an inflammatory reaction is an important component of the response to BCG therapy.
The majority of patients tolerate BCG instillations well but adverse effects can and do occur.
It is believed that granulomas outside the primary inoculated site are the results of hypersensitivity reactions to BCG antigens.